Nutrition Puzzle Match requirements to feed resources Different - PDF document

8/13/2012 Nutrition for Beef Cattle: Animal Requirements & Feed Value Shelby Filley Regional Livestock & Forage Specialist Nutrition Puzzle • Match requirements to feed resources • Different classes of animals have different requirements for total pounds of feed (intake), energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals. • Specific amounts needed depend on the animal’s stage of production and the level of performance desired by the livestock manager 1

8/13/2012 % % % % 2

8/13/2012 Free on-line at http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/20383/em8883-e.pdf 3

8/13/2012 Forages • Cool season grasses – Annual and Perennial Ryegrass – Orchardgrass – Fescue • Warm season Grasses – Sorghum x Sudangrass – Gamma Grass Forages • Legumes – Clovers – Vetches – Birdsfoot trefoil • Forbs – Plantain • Management of forage types differ • Do not plant all in one pasture 4

8/13/2012 Concentrates • Used as supplements to • Oil seeds contain fats forages when more that can be used as energy and protein is energy needed • Protein supplements • Grains such as corn, can come from oats, and barley contain legumes, beans, and concentrated amounts seed meals (cotton seed of starch for energy meal, soybean meal, etc.) Feeds lab exercise Rumen microbial population is naturally capable of digesting fiber and starch found in forages and grains 5

8/13/2012 Feed Requirements: Medium framed steer example • Start @ 7 mo old, 500 lb • Harvest @ 20 mo old, 1100 lb • Ave daily gain = 600 lb/385 days = 1.56 lb/day • Feed intake ~ 20 lb/day feed intake • Total feed = 7,700 lb feed – Pasture and hay – Grain (if not “Grass Fed” labeled) • Fresh cool water • Vitamins and minerals Forage Yield • Hay yield in Tons/acre • Pasture yield in Animal Unit Months (AUM) ! Animal Unit = one 1,000 lb cow ! AUM = forage for one AU for one month ! 1,000 lb cow x 2.5% body weight = 25 lb feed/d ! 25 Lb/d x 30 d = 750 lb feed per month ! 750 lb steer = 0.8 AUM ! 500 lb steer = 0.6 AUM 6

8/13/2012 Pasture Production • Estimated potential under high management – Correct soil fertility – Plant site appropriate species – Proper grazing management http://websoilsurvey . nrcs . usda . gov / • Actual measurements http://extension.oregonstate.edu/douglas/lf Go to information, pastures, and find factsheets Iowa St. Univ. 7

8/13/2012 Forage Quality • Plant Characteristics – Young, tender growth is more nutritious – vs. older, fibrous growth Iowa St. Univ. 8

8/13/2012 Forage Value & Plant Maturity • As plants mature: – Fiber increases: Acid detergent fiber (ADF) & Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) – Protein & energy decrease – Digestibility decreases (ADF factor) – Feed intake decreases (NDF factor) CP & TDN Concentration of Grasses MATURITY CP (%) TDN (%) VEG-BOOT > 18 > 63 BOOT-EARLY HEAD 13-18 59-62 HEAD-MILK 8-12 57-61 DOUGH < 8 < 57 Estimated Requirements 1,300 lb cow; 20 lb milk: 11% CP & 63% TDN 1,300 lb cow; 10 lb milk: 9% CP & 55% TDN 1,300 lb cow; dry, mid-gestation: 7% CP & 49% TDN 700 lb steer; 2.0 lb/day gain: 9.8% CP & 67.5% TDN 700 lb steer; 0.5 lb/day gain: 7.9% CP & 54% TDN 9

8/13/2012 TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA MATURITY CP ADF NDF TDN Bud-First Flower >19 <31 <40 F.F.- mid bloom 17-19 31-35 40-46 60 Mid-full bloom 13-16 36-41 46-51 58 Post bloom <13 >41 >51 51 GRASS/CLOVER HAY AND HALAGE LOW- MID- HIGH- HAYLAGE PROTEIN PROTEIN PROTEIN (1 SAMPLE) (5-8.9%CP) (9-11.9%CP) (12-16%CP) CRUDE PROTEIN (%) 6.9 9.9 12.5 9.0 ACID DETERGENT FIBER (%) 42 39 37 44.1 NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER (%) 66 64 57 65.8 TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS 56 58 60 57 (%) 64 28 8 - % OF SAMPLES 10

8/13/2012 ALFALFA BASED FORAGES ALFALFA/ ALFALFA ALFALFA GRASS MIX HAYLAGE CRUDE PROTEIN 17 - 20 16- 20 20 (%) ACID DETERGENT 31 -38 34-43 41 FIBER (%) NEUTRAL DETERGENT 43 - 50 41-53 50 FIBER (%) TOTAL DIGESTIBLE 59 - 61 56-60 57 NUTRIENTS (%) Mineral Nutrition • Know animal requirement • Know feed value • Supply trace mineral salt supplement to make up any differences • Make sure animals are consuming it • See “Mineral Assessment” and “Animal Requirements (Beef, Sheep, Goats, Horses…) at http://extension.oregonstate.edu/douglas click on “information”, click on “livestock” 11