Nutrition Academy Science for better Nutrition Module 1 of 7 For Healthcare Professionals Only
Modules overview Modules The importance of Nutrition in the 1 st 1000 days March April The nutritional needs of the premature infant May Why breastmilk for healthy full term infants June What to or not to feed non- breastfeeding infants. July Complementary feeding and Nutrition for Toddlers August Nutrition for special needs: Constipation/ Diarrhoea/Reflux/ Colic and cramping September Nutrition for special needs: Allergies For Healthcare Professionals Only
Module 1 Objectives of the Module In this module you will learn: What does the 1 st 1000 Days mean Development of a child 0-36 months Physical growth Body Composition Brain Immunity GIT Nutritional requirements Short term and long term impact of nutrtion in the 1 st 1000 days For Healthcare Professionals Only
Development in the first 1000 days Starts with pregnancy and last until the toddlers 2 nd birthday The crucial stages of a baby’s life is a period of rapid development and growth The right nutrition and feeding practices during this phase puts baby on a path to a healthier future The 1 st 1000 days are a period of programming for his future health Nutritional programming in the 1 st 1000 days can be explained by changes to the baby’s gene expression through nutrition For Healthcare Professionals Only
Metabolic programming ‘‘a stimulus or insult during a critical or sensitive period of development can have long- term or lifetime effects on an organism.’’ Lucas 1982 For Healthcare Professionals Only
The right nutrition and feeding practices during this critical time put baby on the path . to a healthier future 1. Nutrition The right nutrition and feeding practices in the First 1000 Days lay the foundation for baby’s lifelong health & wellbeing . 2. Health Baby‘s First 1000 Days are a period of programming his future health. 3. Programming Nutritional programming in the First 1000 Days can be explained by changes to baby’s gene expression through nutrition. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Children who get the right nutrition in the 1 st 1000 days are more likely to: For Healthcare Professionals Only
DEVELOPMENT For Healthcare Professionals Only
PREGNANCY Pregnant women have special nutritional needs - in order to nourish themselves and the growing foetus, they need up to 80% more of important nutrients to create an optimal environment for growth and development. While pregnant women don’t need to “eat for two”, meaning twice as much as usual, they do need to choose high quality foods, which contain all the important nutrients. For Healthcare Professionals Only
PREGNANCY Weight gain during pregnancy should remain in the recommended ranges according to pre- pregnancy body mass index to support moms’ health and babies’ healthy growth and development as well as their future health. A healthy diet paired with moderate physical activities and good habits allow for future mothers to cover their special nutritional needs, maintain healthy weight gain during pregnancy, ensure baby’s healthy growth and development and positively influence their future health. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of Week 3: foetal/embryo Heart growth & development: 30 DAYS CNS Central Nervous System 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 An embryo is the small ball of cells that forms shortly after the egg has been fertilised and contains half the DNA from the mother and half from the father. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of Week 4-5: Eyes & legs foetal/embryo growth & development: Week 7-9: External Genitalia & Palate 60 DAYS Week 6: Teeths & Ears 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 In humans it is called an embryo until about eight weeks after fertilisation. After this it is called a foetus. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of foetal/embryo growth & development: 90 DAYS 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 It consists of three distinct layers of cells known as the endoderm, the mesoderm and the ectoderm. The endoderm will develop into the baby’s digestive system, liver and lungs. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Week 20-36: Stages of Brain foetal/embryo growth & development: 120 DAYS 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 The mesoderm will develop into heart, reproductive organs, bones, kidneys and muscles. The ectoderm will form other organs and tissues including hair, nervous system, skin and eyes. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of foetal/embryo growth & development: 150 DAYS 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 Because the body needs more fuel to help „build“ the baby, energy needs increase starting in the second trimester by up to 21%. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of foetal/embryo growth & development: 180 DAYS 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 The baby’s lungs are developing branches. It now measures about 23 centimetres and weighs 750 grams. The baby’s lungs are getting ready to breathe, producing branches and surfactant, a substance to help it breathe in the outside world. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of foetal/embryo growth & development: 210 DAYS 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 The baby’s brain develops further. It is now around 43 centimetres long and weighs about 1.4 kilograms. As it grows in size, the volume of the fluid will gradually reduce. To accommodate its rapidly growing brain, the head grows in size. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of foetal/embryo growth & development: 240 DAYS 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 The baby should now cross the two kilogram mark and should be almost 50 centimetres long. Fat deposits make it look chubbier and rounder. The lungs and the central nervous system are continuously maturing. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Stages of foetal/embryo growth & development: 270 DAYS 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | 210 | 240 | 270 The baby can now function independently. It looks plumper and its organs are now fully mature, ready to function independently. It has a firm grasp and reflexes to help it adapt in the world outside. For Healthcare Professionals Only
Maternal underweight & undernutrition during pregnancy can affect moms’ health: Underweight & undernutrition: Underweight & iron-deficiency anaemia: - Maternal nutrient deficiencies (such as iron- - Maternal mortality deficiency anaemia & zinc-deficiency) - Premature birth - Miscarriage For Healthcare Professionals Only
Maternal overweight & excessive weight gain during pregnancy can affect moms’ health: Leading to an increased risk in: - Venous thromboembolism - Infertility (e.g. polycystic ovary syndrome) - Longer duration of labour - Miscarriage - Gestational diabetes - Elective & unplanned cesarean delivery (with increased complications) - Hypertension, pre-eclampsia For Healthcare Professionals Only
Maternal underweight & undernutrition during pregnancy can affect babies’ health: - Increased risk of chronic diseases later in life: type 2 Consequences of low birth weight: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, obesity & metabolic syndrome - Poor cognitive development - Negative effects on the developing - Short adult height immune system For Healthcare Professionals Only
Maternal overweight & excessive weight gain during pregnancy can affect babies’ health: Chronic diseases later in life: - Macrosomia (BIG BABY) - type 2 diabetes (birth weight > 4.5 kg) - cardiovascular diseases - childhood obesity - Structural birth defects (e.g. neural tube defects, heart abnormalities…) - breast cancer - metabolic syndrome
BREASTFEEDING + 180 DAYS Breast milk is unique, extremely complex and impossible to mimic. It‘s the miracle baby food and it‘s made by each mother. Amazing nourishment the body naturally makes. 180 days of exclusive breastfeeding followed by the introductions of nutritious and appropriate complementary foods along with sustained breastfeeding up to two years of age and beyond! For Healthcare Professionals Only
For infants 0 – 6 months of age, human Protein milk is considered the ideal food and the protein intake to be sufficient to maintain growth and to meet other needs The protein requirement for children is 9 affected by both the quantity and essential quality of the protein source amino acids All EAA requirements must be met by the diet to ensure normal rates of protein synthesis in healthy children Therefore , consumption of ‘high - quality’ protein rich in the 9 EAA, principally animal sources such as meat, poultry, eggs, milk products and complementary mixtures of plant protein, is recommended For Healthcare Professionals Only
Breastfed infants consume 80% less protein than Formula fed infants in the 1 st 6 months of life Alexy 1999 For Healthcare Professionals Only
Breastmilk has less Protein and Energy than routine infant formula For Healthcare Professionals Only
Human milk has the lowest protein content of all mammal breastmilk For Healthcare Professionals Only Sellen D 2007
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