NTM TM statis istic ical l analy lysis is
TRAINS The global database on Non-Tariff Measures ▪ → → → → ▪ → →
It is now possible to compute All is there. statistics and use Comprehensive All of them are NTM them for analysis ! • UNCTAD NTM database is on legal requirements • It is the key main input to Trade Portal Publicly Standardized Methodology accessible & Comparable Quality check centralized transparent Applied to all countries alike, 90 countries
Quote “In spite of their growing importance in regulating trade, the exact impact of NTMs on trade flows is not very well understood. There is an urgent need to develop a better understanding and transparency of existing NTMs.”
http://trains.unctad.org/Forms/Analysis.aspx
Excel file. STATA. “NTM_hs6_2010_2018 v.12.dta” UNCATD_TRAINS_NTMS_indicators.xlsm • Disaggregated information for every : • This one has NTM indicators already computed. FI, CR, PS • Reporter + HS6 + Partner + NTM code • for country • for country and sector (15 groups) • 15 variables in all, including start date • for country and chapter , • including aggregation for Technical/NonTechnical separately as well • (plus Full Count in all of the above)
Affected Products Document / Regulation Source Measure/s Affected countries Objetives / Purpose (where appropriate) Measure 1 Regulation 1 Measure 2 Measure 3
Affected Products Document / Regulation Source Measure/s Affected countries Objetives / Purpose (where appropriate) One measure is : ✓ ‘ unilateral ’ when it affects all countries in the world (similar to MNF) ✓ ‘ bilateral ’ when it affects one or a few (but not all) countries at a time One measure is : ✓ ‘ horizontal ’ when it affects ALL products simultaneously
Vietnam Philippines NTM code: C 9 NTM code: H9 Description: Description: 3 In compliance with Department of Finance DO This 33-2014 and Bureau of Internal Revenue Memorandum Order 10- measure sets out procedures 2014, all importers and Customs brokers shall first apply for and documents for registering accreditation with the BIR for the issuance of their respective rights to import (by trader with Importer or Broker Clearance Certificate (ICC or BCC). Upon no presence in Vietnam) securing these, importers and Customs brokers shall file an Source: application for accreditation with the BOC-Account Management Luat Viet Office. 5 All importers and Customs brokers are required to apply for Nam - Circular on guiding the registration under the BOC Client Profile Registration System registration of trading rights for (CPRS) foreign traders with no commercial presence in Vietnam Source: Bureau of Customs - Revised guidelines for registration of importers and Customs brokers with the BOC pursuant Legal text: Regulation to DOF Department Order 33-2014 which instruct registration of trading rights for foreign Legal text: Revised guidelines for registration of importers traders with no commercial and Customs brokers with the BOC pursuant to DOF Department presence in Vietnam Order 33-2014
Enforced to all partner countries Enforced to all partner countries Product 1 Product 1 Measure 1 Measure 1 Regulation 1 Product 2 Product 2 or only some , etc. or only some , etc. Product 3 Product 3 Product 4 Product 4 Measure 2 Product 5 Product 5 Product 6 Product 6 Product 7 Product 7 etc. etc. Measure 3 This is sometimes called ‘a measure’ It is the number visible in the summary page in TRAINS
Nbr of Number of NTM ‘Measures’ requirements in regulation Source: UNCTAD TRAINS database
Enforced to all partner countries Product 1 Measure 1.1 Regulation 1 Product 2 Product 3 Product 4 Measure 1.2 Product 5 Product 6 Product 7 Measure 1.3 Enforced to all partner countries Product 1 Measure 2.1 Regulation 2 Product 2 Product 3 Measure 2.2 Measure 2.3
Measure 1.1 Enforced to all partner countries Product 1 Measure 2.1 Enforced to all partner countries Regulation 1 Regulation 2 Product 1 is affected by 2 measures
Affected Products Document / Regulation Source Measure/s Affected countries Country NTM Product Affected imposing code code -HS country the NTM ✓ The statistical unit of analysis is always the combination of each single value, across the 4 dimensions
Country NTM Product Affected imposing code code -HS country the NTM Imposing Affected Affected Is there an NTM code country partner product NTM? A B 1 Yes A110 A B 2 Yes A830 A B 1 Yes E120 A D 3 No A E 3 Yes E120 A E 4 Yes B810 A F 5 No A F 6 Yes E220
Country NTM Product Affected imposing code code -HS country the NTM Imposing Affected Affected Is there an NTM code Trade country partner product NTM? Value $ A B 1 Yes A110 10 A B 2 Yes A830 20 Traded A B 1 Yes E120 10 Products A D 3 No 50 A E 3 Yes E120 20 A E 4 Yes B810 0 Non-Traded A F 5 No 0 Products A F 6 Yes E220 0
Country NTM Product Affected imposing code code -HS country the NTM Imposing Affected Affected Is there an NTM code Trade country partner product NTM? Value $ A B 1 Yes A110 & 10 E120 Traded A B 2 Yes A830 20 Products A D 3 No 50 A E 3 Yes E120 20
Country NTM Product Affected imposing code code -HS country the NTM Imposing Affected Affected Is there an NTM code Trade country partner product NTM? Value $ A B 1 Yes A110 & 10 E120 Traded A B 2 Yes A830 20 Products A D 3 No 50 A E 3 Yes E120 20 Indicator 3/4 50/100 result 0.75 0.50 Coverage Frequency Ratio Index
Country NTM Product Affected imposing code code -HS country the NTM Imposing Affected Affected Is there an NTM code Trade How many country partner product NTM? Value $ diff NTM? A B 1 Yes A110 & 10 2 E120 A B 2 Yes A830 20 1 A D 3 No 50 0 A E 3 Yes E120 20 1 4/4 yes 3/all 4 50/100 (average) 0.75 0.50 1 Coverage Prevalence Frequency Ratio Score Index From 0 to 1 From 0 to 1
Key findings: - Developed countries regulate more products and a higher share of imports than developing countries - Agricultural products are more regulated than manufactures and natural resources - Technical Barriers to Trade are the most frequent form of NTMs - Based on data for 109 countries, covering 90% of global trade Data: More info: Trains.unctad.org unctad.org/ntm Wits.worldbank.org
Frequency Index Coverage Ratio Prevalence Score 1 10 Import measures 0,8 8 - FI : Almost half the traded products face at least one NTM 0,6 6 - CR: About 3/4 of the trade face 0,4 4 at least one NTM 0,2 2 - PS: every traded product faces 0 0 more than 2 MTN on average 1 10 Export measures 0,8 8 - Based on data for 109 countries, 0,6 6 which cover 90% of word trade 0,4 4 0,2 2 0 0
Frequency Index Coverage Ratio Prevalence Score By region By sector 1 10 1 10 Import measures - Developed countries regulate 0,8 8 0,8 8 their products, both in number of 0,6 6 0,6 6 products and number of measures 0,4 4 0,4 4 - Agriculture products (A) are 0,2 2 0,2 2 more regulated than Natural 0 0 0 0 resources (E) and manufactures A E M LDC DevelopingDeveloped (M) 1 10 1 10 - Based on data for 109 countries, Export measures which cover 90% of word trade 8 0,8 8 0,8 0,6 6 6 0,6 0,4 4 4 0,4 Support low- Enhancing income countries Getting it 0,2 2 2 0,2 transparency and small right now producers 0 0 0 0 A E M LDC Developing Developed
Animal & Animal Products 01_Animal 02_Vegetable Vegetable Products 03_Food Foodstuffs 09_Textiles Textiles 07_Hides_Leather Transportation 05_Chemicals Raw Hides, Skins, Leather, & Furs 14_Transportation Chemicals & Allied Industries 13_Machinery_Electrical Machinery / Electrical 04_Mineral_Fuels Mineral Products 15_Miscellaneous Footwear / Headgear 10_Footwear Miscellaneous 06_Plastics_Rubbers Wood & Wood Products 08_Wood Plastics / Rubbers 11_Stone_Glass Stone / Glass 12_Metals Metals 0 3 6 9 12 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 Coverage Ratio Frequency Index Prevalence Score
Frequency Index Coverage Ratio Prevalence Score By region 1 6 5 0,8 4 Regulatory Distance Prevalence Score 0,6 3 0,4 2 - Use patters of NTM is different for 0,2 1 sub-regions , within broad regions 0 0 Eastern Africa Middle Africa Northern Africa Western Africa Caribbean Central America North America South America Eastern Asia Oceania South Eastern Asia Southern Asia Western Asia Europe Africa America Asia Europe
Frequency Index Coverage Ratio Prevalence Score By type 0,8 6 5 - Technical measures are more 0,6 frequently used than other types 4 - SPS measures have the highest 0,4 3 Prevalence Score 2 0,2 1 Regulatory reassessment at the 0 0 national level is important to ensure coherent policy measures Regulatory cooperation should be pursued at multiple levels
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