New high power laser facility ELI Beamlines Radiation safety aspects V. Olšovcová 1 , S. Bechet 1 , A. Fassò 1& , G. Grittani 1 , L. Morejon 1 , P. Procházka 1* , N. Shetty 1 , J. Trdlička 1 , R . Truneček 1 , R. Versaci 1 , and S. Rollet 2 1 ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic 2 Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria & Current address: retired, Geneve, Switzerland * Current address: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Outline - Introduction to ELI project - ELI Beamlines - Mission and description - Radiation protection - Safety system Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 2
ELI pillars Europe Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 3
Extreme Light Infrastructure Date: Page:
ELI BL project mission High repetition rate and high average power lasers using diode pumping Ultra high peak power of 10 PW, focused intensities up to 10 24 W/cm 2 1. Generation of rep-rated femtosecond secondary sources of radiation and particles – XUV and X-ray sources (monochromatic and broadband) Accelerated electrons (2 GeV 10 Hz rep-rate, 100 GeV low rep-rate), – protons (200-400 MeV 10 Hz rep-rate, >3 GeV low-rep-rate) – Gamma-ray sources (broadband) 2. Programmatic applications of rep-rated femtosecond secondary sources – Medical research including proton therapy – Molecular, biomedical and material sciences – Physics of dense plasmas, laser fusion, laboratory astrophysics 3. High-field physics experiments with focused intensities 10 23 -10 24 W.cm -2 – “Exotic” physics, non-linear QED: sophisticated pump-probe capabilities 4. Development & testing new technologies for multi-PW laser systems - Generation and compression of 10-PW ultrashort pulses, coherent superposition, etc. Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 5
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Supporting technology Experimental building Administrative Laboratory building Date: Page:
Experimental building scheme Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 8
Main laser systems Laser L1 L2 L3 L4 ≥ PW Peak power > 5 TW PW 10 PW Energy in a ≥ 15 J ≥ 30 J ≥ 1.5 kJ 100 mJ pulse ≤ 15 fs ≤ 30 fs ≤ 150 fs Pulse length < 20 fs Repetition rate kHz > 10 Hz 10 Hz 1 per min STFC, UK LLNL, NE-EKSPLA, Supplier In house + in-house California, USA Texas, USA Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 9
What users get ― X-ray phase contrast imaging PXS 1E13 ph 300 fs ― X-ray Diffraction 4 π sr 1 kHz ― X-ray absorption spectroscopy ― Coherent Diffractive Imaging L1 HHG 1E10 ph 10 fs ― Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science 5 mrad 1 kHz ― Soft X-ray Materials Science SRS ― Pulsed Radiolysis + pump L2 beams 1E6 ph LUX ― WW pump-probe (station development) 5 fs 5 mrad 10 Hz ― X-ray Phase contrast imaging Betatron 1E8 ph L3 10 fs ― X-ray fluorescence 10 Hz 20 mrad ― Absorption spectroscopy, WDM@10Hz P3 Plasma Phy. Platform L4 ELIMAIA Hell Ion accel. electron.
Workstations/ beamlines: source term HHG PXS ELIMAIA LUX HELL E2 P3 Prim. Particles of interest X rays X rays protons electrons electrons electrons protons E max 10 keV 100 keV 250 MeV 2 GeV 10 (50) GeV 1 GeV ? 1 GeV Rep rate [Hz] 1 000 1 000 1 10 1 10 1 particles/pulse 10 9 10 12 10 12 6.2x10 9 6.2x10 8 3.1x10 9 10 12 LUX 1E6 ph PXS 1E13 ph 5 fs 300 fs 5 mrad 10 Hz 4 π sr 1 kHz SRS HHG 1E10 ph betatron 1E8 ph compton 10 fs 20 fs 5 mrad 1 kHz 10 Hz 20 mrad 1 eV 10 eV 100 eV 1 keV 10 keV 100 keV 1 MeV
Source term 2018-2020 Beam - Particle Max No of Repetition line energy prim aries rate [ MeV] per shot 10 12 PXS X rays 0.030 1 kHz 10 11 E3 protons 1000 single shot 10 9 ELIMAIA protons 60 1 Hz (2000/ day) 6. 10 7 LUX electrons 1200 10 Hz 7. 10 10 HELL electrons 500 10 Hz 10 11 electrons 3000 1000 shots/ day Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 12
Basic info on operations - Full independence of experimental halls - shooting in hall X should not influence work in the adjacent halls - Number of workers - 60 simultaneously in the experimental floor - Mostly external users - Now: ~300 employees from ~ 30 countries - Limited access (trained workers only) - Clean room areas (ISO 7 and ISO 8) - Radiation workplace category III - Civil structure designed so that the yearly effective dose of an employee < 1mSv Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 13
Radiation protection at ELI Beamlines - Radiation field - Mixed: photons, e-, n, p+, ions, muons - Pulsed: fs-ps - Low repetition rate: 0.1 Hz – 1 kHz - Source term not well known - Subject of research - Experiment dependent - Geometry dependent - Low awareness of ionizing RP in the laser community - Reckless x scared Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 14
Radiation protection at ELI Beamlines - Passive - shielding - Building (civil structure) - Beam dumps - Local shielding - Choice of material (low activation) - Active - Monitoring system - Workplace monitoring - Personal monitoring - Environmental monitoring - Pesonnel Interlock system - Administrative - Delineating zones - Setup of procedures Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 15
Passive RP: Penetrations - Many (~500 in the RP relevant area) large penetrations (HVAC, vacuum, beam distribution, service) - Laser transport pipes penetrate straight - Design technical solution of shielding -Combined functionality (IR, EMP, fire) -Challenging: various technologies going through - Necessary to assess individually -Price x functionality 1 m Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 16
Passive RP: Penetrations Beam height 1 m Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 17
Passive RP: Simulation studies - Monte Carlo method – FLUKA - Source term - adopted from the laser&plasma physicists (PIC, extrapolations) - possibility of coupling PIC-FLUKA (SLAC) - Evaluation of H*(10) around set up - Design of beam dumps & local shielding - Activation of equipment - Effect of radiation to electronics Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 18
Passive RP: Simulation studies - Several scenarios considered – laser-target performance: - Ideal (=worst case scenario) - Realistic (for first couple of years) - Iterative procedure - Estimate of occupancy limits in the hall and its surrounding areas - Design of local shielding and dumps - Versatile (wide range of E, adjusting to changing setup) - Cheap&low long term activation - Low background to experiment - Chamber and content activation Solid target experiment in E3, H*(10) rate map [mSv/shot] complex source term (by D. Batheja) γ , p, e+ & e- Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 19
Passive RP: Simulation studies - Several scenarios considered – performance: - Ideal (=worst case scenario) - Realistic (for first couple of years) - Iterative procedure - Estimate of occupancy limits in the hall and its surrounding areas - Design of local shielding and dumps - Versatile (wide range of E, adjusting to changing setup) - Cheap&low long term activation - Low background to experiment - Chamber and content activation Solid target experiment in E3, H*(10) rate map [mSv/shot] complex source term (by D. Batheja) γ , p, e+ & e- Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 20
Passive RP: Simulation studies - Activation database High energy hadrons fluence [particles/cm 2 /year] - Typical construction materials - Selected typical energies - 3 irradiation schemes - short, middle, long term - several decay times (10 min to 6 months) - Setup - simplified (slab) - Realistic geometry - Radiation damage to electronics EoI 1h of decay time H*(10) [ μSv /h], p, 60 MeV, 1 year irradiation Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 21
Main hazards & Safety systems - Laser radiation - Vacuum - Cryogenics - Ionizing radiation - Ozone - Pneumatics - Flammable and toxic gases - Biohazards (BSL 3) - Robotics - Oxygen depleting gases - Nanomaterials - Electromagnetic pulse - Magnetic field (EMP) - High voltage - Chemicals Building systems Support systems - Fire system - Laser control system - Security system - Management of building technologies - Access system - Machinery safety Safety systems - Personnel interlock system - Monitoring system Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 22
Active RP: Monitoring system - Workplace monitoring - Ionizing radiation - Technical gasses - Toxic (H 2 S, CO, HCN, HN 4 ) - Flammable (H 2 ) - Oxygen depleting (N 2 , LN 2 , Ar) Controlled - Clean rooms (No of particles) zone - Personal dosimetry - Administration of entries - Record of obtained doses - RP agenda administration - Metrology info - Radiation workers paperwork - Storage of activated material - Management of entries to controlled zone Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 23
Active RP: Monitoring system Purpose : SAFE OPERATION - Early detection of problems: - warning - alarm - Immediate action: - Local warning - Signal to Personnel Interlock System - Information to Laser Control System - Two parts: - Safety critical - Informative Date: 20.4.2017 Page: 24
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