Network Layer October 2, 2019 guha.jayachandran@sjsu.edu Layer 2: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 05, 2024 •48 likes •168 views

Network Layer October 2, 2019 guha.jayachandran@sjsu.edu Layer 2: Protocol atop Layer 1 (Lightning, Plasma, etc.) Layer 1: Coin protocol (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.) Layer 2: Protocol atop Layer 1 (Lightning, Plasma, etc.) Layer 1: Consensus

Network Layer October 2, 2019 guha.jayachandran@sjsu.edu
Layer 2: Protocol atop Layer 1 (Lightning, Plasma, etc.) Layer 1: Coin protocol (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.)
Layer 2: Protocol atop Layer 1 (Lightning, Plasma, etc.) Layer 1: Consensus (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc.) Layer 0: Networking
Gossip Network • Neighbors forward messages to other neighbors • Used by almost all public blockchain protocols • Security?
P2P File Sharing (~2000) Generation 1: Central server (Napster) Generation 2: Flooding (Gnutella) Then DHTs…
Distributed Hashtables • DHTs are hashtables, but the data is distributed. Any participating node should be able to e ffi ciently retrieve the value for any key (even if it doesn’t have it locally already) • Purpose is to handle addressing over a large number of frequently changing nodes • Useful for file addressing (in distributed file storage) or routing
DHT Attributes to Consider • Autonomy and decentralization • Fault tolerance • Scalability
Kademlia • Most widely used DHT • Designed by Petar Maymounkov and David Mazières in 2002 • Each node has an ID and the distance between them is the xor of the IDs • Each search brings you one bit closer • Contact O(log n) nodes (common for DHTs) • Used by BitTorrent, Gnutella (which adopted it after earlier using flooding), Ethereum, IFPS, and much more
Network Attacks • How can you tell if a protocol is susceptible to a denial of service attack? • What about network partitions? • What would happen if an undersea cable was cut? • What can you do to mitigate?
Final Projects • Poster session and brief report • Work alone or group of up to 3 • All members of a group get the same grade • More expected from groups • Choose something you find interesting • But ask for help if you struggle getting an idea • You have many options • Implement a system, for example an interesting smart contract, a protocol, a game, a key management system, etc. • Conduct research, for example design an algorithm, design a protocol, benchmark existing systems, perform cryptographic analysis, write a specification, formally verify some open source code, etc. • Survey some area of technology • Check your project ahead of time in o ffi ce hours to verify appropriateness of scope

Recommend

1 Network Layer Network Layer Recall: Circuit Switching vs. Packet Interplay between routing

Network Layer Network Layer Chapter 4: Network Layer Mobile network Chapter goals: Global ISP understand principles behind network layer Network Layer services: Home network network layer service models Regional ISP forwarding

550 views • 3 slides

5 Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Example: Choosing among multiple ASes

Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Comparison of LS and DV algorithms Message complexity Robustness: what happens 1 Introduction 5 Routing algorithms if router malfunctions? LS: with n nodes, E

325 views • 4 slides

7 Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Subnets Classful Address

Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer IP Fragmentation & Reassembly IP Fragmentation and Reassembly network links have MTU length ID fragflag offset (max.transfer size) - largest possible link-level frame.

948 views • 5 slides

4 Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Switching Via Memory Three types of

Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Routing Table Aggregation - > 4 billion Forwarding table Longest prefix matching possible entries Prefix Match Link Interface Destination Address Range Link Interface 11001000

288 views • 3 slides

Network Layer Where we are in the Course Moving on up to the Network Layer! Application

Network Layer Where we are in the Course Moving on up to the Network Layer! Application Transport Network Link Physical CSE 461 University of Washington 2 Topics Network service models Datagrams (packets), virtual circuits

840 views • 42 slides

Network Layer (Routing) Where we are in the Course Moving on up to the Network Layer!

Network Layer (Routing) Where we are in the Course Moving on up to the Network Layer! Application Transport Network Link Physical CSE 461 University of Washington 2 Topics Network service models Datagrams (packets), virtual

757 views • 40 slides

Network Layer Where we are in the Course Moving on up to the Network Layer! Application

524 views • 28 slides

Network layer (IP) Network layer Transport segment from sending to receiving host Network

Network layer (IP) Network layer Transport segment from sending to receiving host Network layer protocols in every host, router Many historical examples, but only one really matters Network layer functions 1. Connection setup 5.

1.56k views • 113 slides

7 Network Layer Network Layer BGP basics Internet inter-AS routing: BGP when AS2 advertises

Network Layer Network Layer RIP ( Routing Information Protocol) RIP advertisements distance vectors: exchanged among distance vector algorithm neighbors every 30 sec via Response included in BSD-UNIX Distribution in 1982 Message

746 views • 3 slides

Network Layer Addressing, forwarding, routing Why do we need a Network layer? Cannot afford

Network Layer Addressing, forwarding, routing Why do we need a Network layer? Cannot afford to directly connect everyone Why do we need a Network layer? Cannot broadcast all packets globally Network layer functions Addressing A

656 views • 41 slides

Network Layer Part A (IPv6) Network Layer 4-1 Chapter 4: outline 4.1 Overview of Network

Network Layer Part A (IPv6) Network Layer 4-1 Chapter 4: outline 4.1 Overview of Network 4.4 Generalized Forward and layer SDN data plane match control plane action 4.2 What s inside a router OpenFlow examples of

941 views • 55 slides

Network Layer (Routing) Recap: Why do we need a Network layer? Internetworking Need to

Network Layer (Routing) Recap: Why do we need a Network layer? Internetworking Need to connect different link layer networks Addressing Need a globally unique way to address hosts Routing and forwarding Now Need to

1.56k views • 124 slides

Network Layer Goals: Overview: understand principles last time behind network layer

Network Layer Goals: Overview: understand principles last time behind network layer network layer services services: virtual circuit and datagram forwarding networks routing (path selection) whats inside a router?

709 views • 24 slides

Network Layer Understand principles behind network layer services: network layer service

Chapter 4: Network Layer Chapter goals: Network Layer Understand principles behind network layer services: network layer service models CS 3516 Computer Networks CS 3516 Computer Networks forwarding versus routing how a

628 views • 18 slides

1 Transport Layer Transport Layer RTT Estimation RTT Estimation Basic Idea SampleRTT :

Transport Layer Transport Layer Outline Mobile network Transport-layer Connection-oriented Global ISP services transport: TCP Transport Layer Multiplexing and segment structure Home network demultiplexing reliable data

264 views • 5 slides

Chapter 4: Network Layer Chapter goals: understand principles behind network layer services:

Chapter 4: Network Layer Chapter goals: understand principles behind network layer services: routing (path selection) dealing with scale how a router works instantiation and implementation in the Internet Network Layer 4-1

1.81k views • 103 slides

1 Transport Layer Transport Layer Outline Message, Segment, Datagram Transport-layer

Transport Layer Transport Layer Chapter 3: Transport Layer Mobile network Our goals: Global ISP understand principles learn about transport Chapter 3 behind transport layer protocols in the Transport Layer Internet: layer

678 views • 5 slides

Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Home network Regional ISP Yanmin Zhu Institutional network D

Network Layer Network Layer Mobile network Gl b l Global ISP P Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Home network Regional ISP Yanmin Zhu Institutional network D p Department of Computer tm t f C mp t Science and Engineering 1 Network

624 views • 60 slides

Network Layer: The Data Plane Network Layer Overview Router Architecture Network

Network Layer: The Data Plane Network Layer Overview Router Architecture Network Layer Functions and Service Models Network Layer Functions IP Addressing Network Service Models: Virtual Circuit vs. Datagram

1.18k views • 63 slides

1 Link Layer: setting the context two physically connected devices: host-router,

Network Layer Overview: network layer services virtual circuit and datagram Goals: networks whats inside a router? understand principles behind network layer IP: Internet Protocol services: IPv4 datagram format

344 views • 16 slides

Introduction Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Remote Procedure Calls 2 Basic

Networking CS 4410 Operating Systems [R. Agarwal, L. Alvisi, A. Bracy, M. George, Kurose, Ross, E. Sirer, R. Van Renesse] Introduction Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Remote Procedure Calls 2 Basic Network Abstraction

1.55k views • 150 slides

Network Layer network layer services virtual circuit and datagram Goals: networks

Overview: Network Layer network layer services virtual circuit and datagram Goals: networks whats inside a router? understand principles behind network layer IP: Internet Protocol services: IPv4 datagram format

396 views • 23 slides

Routing and Switching End-to-end delivery on layer 3 in TCP/IP terms Network Layer Primary

IN2140: Introduction to Operating Systems and Data Communication Routing and Switching End-to-end delivery on layer 3 in TCP/IP terms Network Layer Primary task from a layer model perspective To provide service to the transport layer

377 views • 9 slides

1 Graph abstraction: costs 5 c(x,x) = cost of link (x,x) 3 v w 5 - e.g., c(w,z) =

458 views • 14 slides