Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Surviving the storms with Best Management Practices USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Daniel Holtz Agricultural Engineer Escondido Field Office THE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER AND PROVIDER Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) • Provides technical and financial assistance to help agricultural producers and others care for p the land. • Began as a result of 1930’s Dust Bowl • Partnership Approach • Non ‐ Regulatory 1
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) • 6 mission goals: – high quality, productive soils – clean and abundant water – healthy plant and animal communities – clean air – an adequate energy supply – working farms and ranchlands. 2014 Farm Bill Conservation programs under the 2014 Farm Bill are: • Financial Assistance – Agricultural Management Assistance Program (AMA) – Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) y g ( ) – Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) • Easements – Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) – Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP) • Partnership – Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) • Other Programs – Agriculture Conservation Experienced Services (ACES) – Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG) – Emergency Watershed Protection Program (EWP) Emergency Watershed Protection Program (EWP) – Small Watershed Rehabilitation Program – Technical Service Providers (TSP) – Voluntary Public Access and Habitat Incentive Program (VPA ‐ HIP) 2
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) • Must be an Agricultural P Producer (food, feed or d (f d f d fiber) • Financial and Technical Assistance – 50 ‐ 90% Cost Share • 1 – 10 Year Contract • Ranking and Selection Process • Beginning Farmer and Limited Resource Farmer Opportunities • AGI Limitations What Can NRCS Do: • Conservation Activity Plans: – Nutrient Management Plans Nutrient Management Plans – Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans – Irrigation Water Management Plans – Drainage Water Management Plans • Conservation Practices – Irrigation Improvements – Pump Improvements (VFD’s) – Fl Flow Meters M – Irrigation Water Management – Diesel to Electric – Access Roads – Fencing of Creeks – Etcetera! 3
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop EQIP FY2016 Timeline • Sign Up for FY 2016 – NO DEADLINE (Batches) • • Reso rce In entor / Planning Resource Inventory / Planning – On going On going • Screening & Program Ranking Worksheets – Early 2016 • Conservation Plan Development – Early 2016 • Project Implementation – After Contract is Signed • P Project Reimbursement – After Project Completion j R i b Af P j C l i • Practice Maintenance – Practice Life Span • Contract Expiration ‐ 1 Year After Last Practice is Completed Ranking Criteria & Procedures 4
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Payment Rates • Mathematical break ‐ down of all of the factors that determine how much d h h projects typically cost • Includes the expected costs for materials, equipment, labor, mobilization, and maintenance • • Designed to be roughly 50 – Designed to be roughly 50 – 75% of actual costs. But does not have to be. • Payment Rate Structure See What’s Possible: Farm Bill Conservation Programs Daniel Holtz Agricultural Engineer Agricultural Engineer Escondido Field Office 760-745-2061 Daniel.Holtz@ca.usda.gov Cori Calvert- District Conservationist Kelly Sypolt- Soil Conservationist White Haraguchi- Soil Conservationist Dan da Rosa Soil Conservationist Tech Dan da Rosa- Soil Conservationist Tech Elizabeth Tucker- Farm Bill Assistant Shea Okeefe- Area Biologist Ross Loucks- Forester Opportunities for Private Landowners 5
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Top 7 Ways to reduce erosion 6
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Types of Erosion 7
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop What is Hydrology? • The science that deals with the occurrence and behavior of water in the atmosphere, on the b h i f t i th t h th ground, and underground. – NEH, Part 630 ‐ Chapter 22 • In the broadest sense, hydrology deals with the , y gy computation of how much water we could expect. – Hydrology Training Series Module 101 ‐ Introduction to Hydrology 8
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop What is Hydraulics? • …application of fluid mechanics and other sciences and engineering disciplines in the development of structures engineering disciplines in the development of structures, projects and systems involving water resources. – “Hydraulic Engineering” by Roberson, Cassidy, Chaudhry • The aspect of engineering that deals with the flow of water in rivers and canals, and the works and machinery for conducting or using it. – “Dictionary of Geological Terms”, 3rd ed., American Geological Institute What’s the difference? • Hydrology: • how much water? when? how? h h h h • Hydraulics: • what does it do when it gets there? 9
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Hydrology Calculations and Equations • Most natural hydrologic phenomena are so Most natural hydrologic phenomena are so complex that they are beyond comprehension, or exact laws governing such phenomena have not been fully discovered. Before such laws can ever be found, complicated hydrologic phenomena (the prototype) can only be approximated by (the prototype) can only be approximated by modeling. • Ven Te Chow USGS Regression Equations Sierra Region Q 2 =0.24A 0.88 P 1.58 H ‐ 0.80 Q =6 55A 0 79 P 1 12 H ‐ 0 52 Q 25 =6.55A 0.79 P 1.12 H 0.52 Q 100 =15.7A 0.77 P 1.02 H ‐ 0.43 South Coast Region Q 2 =0.14A 0.72 P 1.62 Q 25 =1.1A 0.81 P 1.81 Q 100 =1.95A 0.83 P 1.87 Northeast Region Q 2 =22A 0.40 Q 25 =84A 0.54 Q 100 =125A 0.59 NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 20 Methods/Models 10
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop USGS Regression Equations Capabilities/Limitations: • Standard error of estimation ranges from 30 50% • Standard error of estimation ranges from 30 ‐ 50% • Peak discharge only • Should not be used for estimates at sites where flood flow is materially effected by storage such as farm ponds or reservoirs NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 21 Methods/Models Rational Equation Q = CiA Q = CiA where: Q = design peak runoff rate, cfs (1 cfs = 448 gpm) C = runoff coefficient i = rainfall intensity, in/hr A = watershed area ac A = watershed area, ac 22 11
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Rational Equation Tables of C factors AGRICULTURAL AREAS: Runoff Coefficient, C by Soil Texture Open Topography and Sandy Clay and Tight Vegetation Loam Silt Loam Clay Woodland Flat, 0 ‐ 5% slope 0.10 0.30 0.40 Rolling, 5 ‐ 10% slope 0.25 0.35 0.50 Hilly, 10 ‐ 30% slope 0.30 0.50 0.60 Pasture Flat 0.10 0.30 0.40 Rolling 0.16 0.36 0.55 Hilly 0.22 0.42 0.60 Cultivated Flat 0.30 0.50 0.60 Rolling 0.40 0.60 0.70 Hilly 0.52 0.72 0.82 Source: HTS206D, Peak Discharge ‐ Other Methods, NEDC ‐ SCS, [NRCS] ‐ USDA, January 1991Source NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 23 Methods/Models Rational Equation i: in/hr i: in/hr 12
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Rational Equation i: in/hr i: in/hr Rational Equation i: in/hr i: in/hr 13
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Rational Equation i: in/hr Rational Equation Assumptions • Rainfall occurs at a uniform intensity for a duration at least • Rainfall occurs at a uniform intensity for a duration at least equal to the time of concentration for the watershed • Rainfall occurs at a uniform intensity over the entire area of the watershed NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 28 Methods/Models 14
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Rational Equation C factor • C is based on soil topography vegetation and land use and • C is based on soil, topography, vegetation and land use and many attempts have been made to refine these values, but variations still remain quite large • Typical C factors representative of the 5 ‐ to 10 ‐ year return interval NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 29 Methods/Models Rational Equation IDF IDF Curves NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 30 Methods/Models 15
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Rational Equation Capabilities/Limitations • Most appropriate for smaller urban watersheds, parking lots, roofs. • IDF’s for most cities and counties are available. • Simple and quick to use. NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 31 Methods/Models NRCS Hydro / Autocad / Etc NPEGLA - "Other" Hydrology 3/22/2016 32 Methods/Models 16
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Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Slope Rise/run: 80/400= 20% 20
Presentation #1 March 19, 2016 Workshop Slope Rise/run: 80/200= 40% 3 types of roads Crown, outslope, inslope (requires ditch and culverts) 21
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