National Consultation on Sustainable Development Goal 1 Analyzing strategies for poverty eradication at national and state levels Atul Kumar Tiwari Joint Secretary (Policy Planning & Monitoring), MoRD Email:jsppm2017@gmail.com
The global architecture Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) The 2030 Agenda for SDG recognizes empowerment of rural citizens as the key agent for achieving transformational economic, environmental and social changes. MoRD is the Nodal 17 Goals and 169 targets Ministry for Goal 1
SDG Goal 1 and MoRD’s interventions to address multi-dimensionality of poverty Target RD’s Proposed interventions indicators Appropriate social protection systems and measures for NSAP Pension coverage to Old, Widows all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial and Differently coverage of the poor and the vulnerable . abled under NSAP • HHs getting wage By 2030, men and women have equal rights to MGNREGA, employment economic resources , as well as access to basic services, DAY-NRLM, under MGNREGA ownership and control over land and other forms of PMAY -G • Coverage of SC, property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate ST HHs & women new technology and financial services including • No of pucca microfinance. houses • HHs covered Gender sensitive and pro-poor strategies to support All under SHG accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions. programmes having access to bank credit SDG Goal 9 on industry infrastructure, innovation mentions about PMGSY
Poverty reduction strategy in Rural Development: Key aspects since two decades Address • NREGA: 100 days employment • National Social Assistance vulnerability programme • NREGA: Minimum wage employment Support the poor • PMGSY for basic living • PMAY • Productive assets through NREGA Organize, Skill and • NRLM and DDUGKY support the poor • Diversification- horticulture, animal resources, processing, value chain. Diversified livelihoods, adequate infrastructure and improved skills/human capability as thrust
RD Programmes’ Contribution • Housing for All – 1 crore homes by Dec. 2018. • PMGSY – 82% connected. Mar 2019 target. • DAY-NRLM – 4.5 crore women in SHGs – livelihood diversification. • Employment through livelihoods – MGNREGS. • Skills – DDUGKY, RSETIs. • Social security – Old, widows, differently able. • SECC – Identification of poor. • 300 Rurban Clusters, 1500 SAGY GPs. • Mission Antyodaya - 50,000 GPs Shift towards evidence-based interventions – SECC, 2011 Real time monitoring leveraging digital technology for efficient and transparent governance
Change in Agricultural Productivity (%) of Surveyed HH due to the creation of asset 28 25 16.9 16.4 15.6 11.7 11.6 Paddy Wheat Bajra Maize Oilseeds Pulses Vegetables 6
IEG Study % of HH benefiting from increase in water table 78 78 80 83 83 85 85 88 88 88 88 88 90 90 90 93 93 93 95 95 95 78 73 65 68 68 60 55 50 45 30 7
IRMA study on NRLM: increase in income and assets of poor Per Capita Monthly Income No. of Enterprises 1422 (per village) 1167 .4 25.2 22% .3 79% 14.1 Non-Mission Mission Non-Mission Mission Areas Areas Areas Areas No. of Productive Livestock Assets (per capita) 5.4 80% 3 Non-Mission Areas Mission Areas
Credit of Rs 1.24 Lakh Cr leveraged from banks in last 4 years 60000 54740 31 50000 % 41675 37 40000 Loan Amt (Rs Cr) % 30379 27 3% 30000 % 23953 23316 20000 10000 0 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (till Oct 17)
PMGSY Outcome Study – IIM 2017 Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide all weather road connectivity in rural areas of the country. The programme envisages connecting all habitations with a population of 500 persons and above in the plain areas and 250 persons and above in hill States, the tribal and the desert areas • Significant and substantial gain in speed of movement • Greater impact in difficult terrain – plateau, Terai region. • Quality of PMGSY better than non- PMGSY roads. • Need for regular monitoring of road quality and maintenance. • Decline in quality due to ageing. • Significant economic/income gains due to PMGSY. • PMGSY contributes to improved perception of access. PMGSY Phase III to prioritize linking rural markets to villages
Mission Antyodaya: The integrated approach Mission Antyodaya is an accountability and convergence framework for transforming lives and livelihoods on measurable outcomes. • Convergence of programmes/schemes with HH/GP as a unit • Simultaneous interventions to tackle multidimensionality of poverty Convergence & Saturation • Saturation approach – REGION and NEED-SPECIFIC • Many departments working together, improved access to infrastructure and public services • Thrust on raising income of deprived households through sustainable economic activity and diversified livelihoods Focus on raising income • Organize women and youth – social capital • Linking micro-enterprises to markets - scale • Platform for Community, PRIs, Civil Society, Corporates Institutional • Professionals, Institutions and Enterprise as drivers of major strengthening transformation. • Measuring Outcomes against baseline for defined indicators Integrated monitoring dashboard • Data shared through APIs for integrated view to stakeholders 11
What is Mission Antyodaya? • Response to multi-dimensional nature of poverty under leadership of States. • More than Rs. 4 lakh crore annual outlay of centre towards social sector. • Convergence from Central Ministries to Gram Panchayat level. • Social capital built through SHG institutions as key enabler. Selection of Gram Panchayats by States based upon demonstrated social capital • Measuring Outcomes against baseline for defined indicators . • SECC and Baseline Survey during Swachchta Pakhwada to provide Analytical base to identify gaps and design area specific interventions. • Based on learning from convergence-based interventions in the State and Centre. • Data shared by scheme MISs through APIs and use of LGD codes for integrated web-based view to stakeholders. • Integrated IEC (Gram Samvad) and Monitoring mechanisms (DISHA ). 41 schemes to be at one monitoring platform. 12
Mission Antyodaya: Response to multi- dimensionality of poverty through convergence Social Connectivity, Protection for Power, Housing Roads, Internet, old, widows, LPG, Aadhaar, ODF, Waste IT/DBT, disabled Management Transport Sports Health and Youth Clubs Culture Nutrition Mission Antyodaya Non Farm Cluster Water Livelihood, Conservation Multiple Livelihoods Bank/Credit/ Financial Well-being of Inclusion Women SHGs the vulnerable Education, Economic Skill Activity Development 13
SECC 2011 for identification of deprived sections at household level Particular Deprivated Interventions Required Households PMAY Gramin - Only zero room or one room with kucha walls and kucha DAY-NRLM - 2,37,31,674 MGNREGS roof - DDUGKY/RSETI (D1) - NSAP No adult member between 16 to 59 (D2) 65,15,205 - Livelihoods - Female headed households with no adult male member 68,96,014 Education/Skills - between age 16 to 59 (D3) Animal Resources - Disabled member and no able bodied adult member (D4) 7,16,045 Non-Farm option - Markets/Value - SC/ST households (D5) 3,85,82,225 Social Capital - Bank Linkage No literate adult above 25 years (D6) 4,21,47,568 - Enterprise - Professionals Landless households as manual casual labour (D7) 5,37,01,383 - Horticulture - Organic - TRANSFORMING LIVES AND LIVELIHOODS Health - Nutrition MEASURING OUTCOMES - SBM 14 -
Performance of Gram Panchayats and Clusters being measured against indicators across three dimensions ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACCESS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSIFICATION OF LIVELIHOODS TO SERVICES PROTECTION All Weather Road % of children fully immunized % of HHs with Bank loans for diversified livelihood Internet Connectivity with % of 0-3 yrs. old children % of HHs earning through dairy & Bank/Banking Correspondent underweight, stunted, wasted animal resources. % of Households (HHs) with safe % Deprived HHs with maternity % of HHs with placement housing benefits/health Protection, access to /settlement in wage/self- basic medicines & primary care. employment. % of HHs getting power for 12 % of HHs with food security and % of HHs with over Rs. 10,000 in hrs. daily clean water Savings account. % of HHs cooking on LPG % of girls completing Secondary % of HHs in non farm employment Education/ Skill Certificate Course with skills, markets and Bank linkage. % of Agricultural Land giving 2 % of needy old, widows, disabled % of HHs in Farmers’ Producer crops/protective irrigation. under social protection Organizations/ PACS ODF village % of 18-24 year covered under % of women in paid/self- Village with community waste Skills/Higher Education employment disposal system 15
Observations from baseline survey Percent of GPs in a score range: Bigger States 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 49-95 40% 40-49 30% 33-40 20% 6-33 10% 0% Back 16
Observations from baseline survey, contd... Percent of GPs in a score range: Small States 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 49-95 30% 20% 40-49 10% 33-40 0% 6-33 Back 17
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