National Carbon Accounting Systems for Forest MRV Australia's International Forest Monitoring team Nikki Fitzgerald (presented by A. Held)
Australia supports robust MRV • Australia is uniquely placed to help, due to its own experience – in having to tackle wide-spread deforestation – in developing and using an internationally recognised forest MRV system – as one of the few countries to use satellite and ground-based data.
Potential big mitigation gains through REDD+ NIES (Ito et.al) CO2 emission from deforestation, 1990s 3
Australian forestry MRV expertise • Australia has submitted land sector accounts to the UNFCCC since 2002 • Conducted annual reviews with progressive improvements • International reviews • Used Forest MRV system for domestic programs
Australia’s MRV engagement UNFCCC GFOI World Bank Multilateral Development of national REDD+ negotiations Forest Carbon Partnership MRV systems Facility MRV, Reference Data supply and Readiness and carbon funds levels., Safeguards processing South Africa Kenya MRV Indonesia Bilateral System for Land-Based Support on system Indonesian National Emissions Estimation Carbon Accounting design to South System Estimations in Kenya Africa MRV support Other Global Canopy Policy and Satellite receiving station Information products REDD+ law, and data hub research Developing country savanna burning, Forest MRV system design support and implementation
Supporting forest MRV Australia supports forest MRV through its: • leading role in the Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) • capacity-building work with key REDD+ nations, especially Indonesia, Kenya and South Africa.
Using satellites, ground observations so support national forest MRV Coordination of satellite data supply GFOI Leads CEOS GEO Plenary Aus, Nor, US, CEOS, FAO Capacity Building US GFOI Steering Committee Methods & Guidance Documentation Leads plus Brazil, China, Australia Japan, MGD AG Chair, IPCC, UNFCCC, World Bank, GOFC- GOLD, GEO Sec Dir , National R&D Plan Demonstrator Reps Norway Admin & Coordination Programme Office
GFOI Services
New MGD marks completion of GFOI phase 1 (2012-13) MGD boosts ability to measure forest emissions GEO Plenary endorsed Methods and Guidance Documentation (MGD) Jan. 2014 MGD not prescriptive Countries use MGD for forestry MRV suiting national circumstances
Why is MGD needed? Developing countries can improve measuring capacity Enhance international reporting ability Better access to funding for land emission reductions Improves understanding of current forests Will also help to show MRV is technically and financially viable > support climate negotiations
Methods and Guidance Documentation (MGD) Contents Executive Summary Outline, intended audience, relationship to negotiations 1 – Design Decisions Introductory concepts, NFMS, use of existing data, Tier choices, cost effectiveness 2 – Estimating Emissions Stock change and gain-loss methods, focus on latter, REDD+ and removals activities described with linked estimation methods 3 – Data Provision for Activity data requirements; types RS data, pre-processing, map Estimating Emissions and products, mapping, guiding principles, statistical inference , Removals changes in pools 4 Overall uncertainties Combined AD and EF uncertainties using IPCC method 5 Reporting What can be said from UNFCCC Technical Annexes IPCC Guidance; RS data from CEOS/SDCG; Tier 3 methods; Sampling; Emission and removals factors; Direct biomass estimation by RS; Allometrics; Finance.
MGD: Way ahead GFOI will use MGD to Guide Space Data Coordination Group work Help set R&D priorities in Norway- led work stream Inform capacity building work in US- led work stream MGD also guides bilateral capacity building, such as Australia’s MRV projects with Indonesia, Kenya, Sth Africa
Bilateral support - Indonesia • Australia supports the Indonesian MRV through the Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System (INCAS)
INCAS Components B A Biomass Classification Annual Land Cover Change Annual time-series defining areas of: Classification of forests into groups (biomass ▪ Deforestation (permanent loss of forest classes) with common biomass characteristics cover) (in undisturbed condition) Degradation (forest clearance and regeneration or partial removal) Carbon Accounting E and Reporting Model Forest Disturbance Class Mapping C C-mass Estimation D (ICARM) C-mass estimates for each biomass class National map of forest disturbance (stock, growth/loss rate): classes at known date • Aboveground biomass - Minimal disturbance • Belowground biomass - Moderate disturbance • Litter - Heavy disturbance • Debris • Soil
Biomass and emissions estimation Carbon accounting and reporting model E Internationally reviewed carbon accounting model Calibrate to Indonesian conditions Indonesian Carbon Accounting and C-stock Biomass A B Estimates Class Reporting Model (ICARM) Develop Annual Land Map change in forest C ICARM scenarios Cover Change area for each year by biomass class Run & check ICARM scenarios ∆ area by B ICARM output biomass class C ∆ C stock by biomass class by year INCAS output ∆ C stock by year
Forest MRV Design Principles • Be nationally consistent, even with sub-national implementation • Be able to meet international reporting requirements (REDD+ and UNFCCC in particular) • Use wall-to-wall remote sensing to create time-series consistent forest-cover change products • Develop suitable methods for estimating GHG emissions and removals that are integrated with remote sensing and other relevant data • Be transparent and auditable, including producing clear and readily available documentation of system concepts, methodologies, data inputs and results • Meet minimum standards for Transparency, Accuracy, Comparability, Consistency and Completeness as required by the UNFCCC • Be complete—include all lands, carbon pools, relevant gases and activities at all scales • Provide both accounting and forecasting (both retrospective and predictive) • Be designed specifically for consistent inventory of all land sector GHG accounting requirements and project purposes
Forest MRV lessons learnt • National forest monitoring and MRV systems must be established as a central function of government. • There is no need to wait for a perfect system and data before commencing implementation - learn by doing • Start using best available data, knowledge and methodologies, and develop a continuous improvement plan • Consider trialling the system at the sub-national level • Transparent use of best available information and data will deliver credible estimates of emissions • Develop clear communication materials for a range of audiences • Prioritise succession planning to ensure sustainability of the MRV Program without on-going donor support • Ensure the system is designed, implemented and operated according to clear national needs
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