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Mutable Functions Announcements Mutable Functions A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 4 A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a

  1. Mutable Functions

  2. Announcements

  3. Mutable Functions

  4. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 4

  5. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 >>> withdraw(25) 4

  6. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 >>> withdraw(25) 75 4

  7. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw 75 4

  8. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 4

  9. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) 50 4

  10. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) Second withdrawal of 50 the same amount 4

  11. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) Second withdrawal of 50 the same amount Different return value! 4

  12. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) Second withdrawal of 50 the same amount Different return value! >>> withdraw(60) 'Insufficient funds' 4

  13. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) Second withdrawal of 50 the same amount Different return value! >>> withdraw(60) 'Insufficient funds' >>> withdraw(15) 35 4

  14. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) Second withdrawal of 50 the same amount Different return value! >>> withdraw(60) 'Insufficient funds' Where's this balance >>> withdraw(15) stored? 35 4

  15. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 >>> withdraw = make_withdraw(100) Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) Second withdrawal of 50 the same amount Different return value! >>> withdraw(60) 'Insufficient funds' Where's this balance >>> withdraw(15) stored? 35 4

  16. A Function with Behavior That Varies Over Time Let's model a bank account that has a balance of $100 Within the parent frame of the function! >>> withdraw = make_withdraw(100) Argument: Return value: >>> withdraw(25) amount to withdraw remaining balance 75 >>> withdraw(25) Second withdrawal of 50 the same amount Different return value! >>> withdraw(60) 'Insufficient funds' Where's this balance >>> withdraw(15) stored? 35 4

  17. Persistent Local State Using Environments 5 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_withdraw%28balance%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20withdraw%28amount%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20nonlocal%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20amount%20>%20balance%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20'Insufficient%20funds'%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20balance%20%3D%20balance%20- %20amount%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20return%20withdraw%0A%0Awithdraw%20%3D%20make_withdraw%28100%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2860%29%0Awithdraw%2815%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=0

  18. Persistent Local State Using Environments The parent frame contains the balance, the local state of the withdraw function 5 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_withdraw%28balance%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20withdraw%28amount%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20nonlocal%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20amount%20>%20balance%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20'Insufficient%20funds'%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20balance%20%3D%20balance%20- %20amount%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20return%20withdraw%0A%0Awithdraw%20%3D%20make_withdraw%28100%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2860%29%0Awithdraw%2815%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=0

  19. Persistent Local State Using Environments The parent frame contains the balance, the local state of the withdraw function Every call decreases the same balance by (a possibly different) amount 5 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_withdraw%28balance%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20withdraw%28amount%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20nonlocal%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20amount%20>%20balance%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20'Insufficient%20funds'%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20balance%20%3D%20balance%20- %20amount%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20return%20withdraw%0A%0Awithdraw%20%3D%20make_withdraw%28100%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2860%29%0Awithdraw%2815%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=0

  20. Persistent Local State Using Environments The parent frame contains the balance, the local state of the withdraw function All calls to the Every call decreases the same balance same function by (a possibly different) amount have the same parent 5 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20make_withdraw%28balance%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20def%20withdraw%28amount%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20nonlocal%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20amount%20>%20balance%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20'Insufficient%20funds'%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20balance%20%3D%20balance%20- %20amount%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20balance%0A%20%20%20%20return%20withdraw%0A%0Awithdraw%20%3D%20make_withdraw%28100%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2825%29%0Awithdraw%2860%29%0Awithdraw%2815%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=0

  21. Reminder: Local Assignment 6 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20percent_difference%28x,%20y%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20difference%20%3D%20abs%28x-y%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20100%20*%20difference%20/%20x%0Adiff%20%3D%20percent_difference%2840,%2050%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=4

  22. Reminder: Local Assignment Assignment binds name(s) to value(s) in the first frame of the current environment 6 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20percent_difference%28x,%20y%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20difference%20%3D%20abs%28x-y%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20100%20*%20difference%20/%20x%0Adiff%20%3D%20percent_difference%2840,%2050%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=4

  23. Reminder: Local Assignment Assignment binds name(s) to value(s) in the first frame of the current environment 6 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20percent_difference%28x,%20y%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20difference%20%3D%20abs%28x-y%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20100%20*%20difference%20/%20x%0Adiff%20%3D%20percent_difference%2840,%2050%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=4

  24. Reminder: Local Assignment Assignment binds name(s) to value(s) in the first frame of the current environment Execution rule for assignment statements: 6 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20percent_difference%28x,%20y%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20difference%20%3D%20abs%28x-y%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20100%20*%20difference%20/%20x%0Adiff%20%3D%20percent_difference%2840,%2050%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=4

  25. Reminder: Local Assignment Assignment binds name(s) to value(s) in the first frame of the current environment Execution rule for assignment statements: 1. Evaluate all expressions right of =, from left to right 2. Bind the names on the left to the resulting values in the current frame 6 pythontutor.com/composingprograms.html#code=def%20percent_difference%28x,%20y%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20difference%20%3D%20abs%28x-y%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20100%20*%20difference%20/%20x%0Adiff%20%3D%20percent_difference%2840,%2050%29&mode=display&origin=composingprograms.js&cumulative=true&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=[]&curInstr=4

  26. Non-Local Assignment & Persistent Local State 7

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