Muhd Noor Muhd Yunus, PhD Deputy Director General (R&D) Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuklear Malaysia) Bangi, 43000 KAJANG, Selangor muhdnoor@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my
Wast ste Managem agement nt Goals Energy rgy, Waste te and Environme ronment nt Expertise rtise in Nuklear ar Malay aysia sia – W2W Strate tegies ies Success ss Stories s and R&D Projects ts MSW ◦ Biomas mass ◦ Hazardo ardous us Waste te and Material rial Recove very ry ◦ Radioa oactiv tive Waste and Minerals rals ◦ Future ure Directio tions ns – Nuclear r Waste te? Challen lenges ges Publi lic Acceptan tance ◦ Techno nolog logy y Up-Scal caling ing and Comm mmerc rciali ializati tion on ◦ Advance ance Technolog ology y – High Inves estme tment nt Co Cost ◦ Human man Resou ource rce ◦ Conclus usion ons
Dumping
Incine nerati ation n Radioacti ctive ve Hydrology gy and renewal l Nuclea clear r Geology gy ener nergy gy Waste te Enviro ronmen nment W2W Plant t Integr grity ity Biology y and Mater eria ial l and Radiati tion on Agro Chemical cal Technolo chnology gy techno chnology ogy Technolo chnology gy
MSW ANALYSIS: MSW mass flow diagram 25% : AD/Compost? Organics (58.3%) Paper (8.2%) 32% RDF? +20% Moisture Plastics (13.1%) 12% Recycle? Textiles (1.3%) Rubber&leather (0.4%) Wood(1.8%) Garden Waste (6.9%) 11% Landfill? Dust (0.4%) Incombustibles (11.5%)
MSW
MSW
MSW
MSW Benchmarking Local Technology, Funding Model and Cost
MSW TREATMENT TMENT OF SIMULATED TED ODOR R FROM M RDF PLANT T USING G ASHUMALI LI KINETI TIC C MODELING LING BY MOHD. HD. NAHAR AR BIN OTHMA MAN MALAY AYSIA IAN NUCLEAR AR AGENCY CY N2 O2 Dry air Odour subtances (Benzene, Dimethlsulfide,Trimethylamine TML 50 Benzene conc,in ppmv 40 Humid Air 30 Humid N2 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Irradiation Dose (kGy)
MSW D zz (cm 2 /s) Ug = 10 cm/s D c = 18” COMPARISON OF COMPUTED (CFDLIB) AND MEASURED D zz Gas Jets t (sec) from Sparger with 8 holes
MSW
MSW
PROD ODUCTI UCTION ON OF ADSO SORBE RBENT T FROM PALM M SHELL FOR RADIO IOACTI CTIVE IODINE INE SCRUBB BBING ING PROCESS OCESS Raw material Kernel Shell 100 % input KI Impregnated CARBONATION UNIT IODINE 131 SCRUBBING WASHING PROCESS RK-FB RK – FB reactor palm kernel shell : – charcoal Charcoal or Adsorbent Washing with acid Combustion inside RK-FB Activate with ethanol Iodine scrubbing apparatus Charcoal or Adsorbent 20 % output palm kernel shell : – charcoal 30 % output Biomass
Biomass
BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION Carrier Production EFB Mixing Packing POME 35-50 kGy Gamma-irradiation MINTec-Sinagama H 2 O STERILE CONDITION Inoculum Production Quality Gamma-irradiated Assurance bags Mother culture Field Experiments/ Purity test Ready for Use Incubation Batch Culture Inoculation 28°C ± 2 Sources: Khairuddin Abdul Rahim et al. (2004, 2005, 2006); Zakry Fitri Abdul Aziz et al. (2005; 2006) 1 Biomass
Biomass
Microbial fuel cell + Wastewater → Bioenergy + cleaner wastewater MFC 60°C -First thermophilic mediatorless MFC -Maximum power density ~1,030 mW/m 2 POME/Wastewater -% COD removal ~47% -Coulombic efficiency ~ 80% Jong et al ., 2006, Environ. Sci. Technol . 2006 40:6449-6454. Microbes on electrode 28°C Biocatalyst Fuel Power Sources (mW/m 2 ) EMC ACETATE 1,860 Current study -Maximum power density ~ 1,860 mW/m 2 EMC Sucrose 29.2 He et al. 2006 EMC Glucose, glutamate 560 Moon et al. 2006 -% COD removal ~ 60% EMC Xylose 673 Huang & Logan 2008 -Cuolombic efficiency ~ 26% EMC AAW 1030 Jong et al. 2006 EMC Acetate 1330 Liu et al. 2005 -POME S. putrefaciens Medium 0.32 Kim et al. 2002 -Maximum power R. ferrireducens Glucose 8.2 Chaudhuri &Lovley 2003 G. sulfurreducens Acetate 16 Bond and Lovley 2003 density ~ 622 mW/m 2 S. oneidensis Lactate 3000 Ringeisen et al. 2006 -% COD removal ~ 23% EMC POME 622 Current study -Cuolombic efficiency EMC Organic wastewater 8.3 Kim et al. 2004 ~ 32% EMC Starch processing WW 239.4 Lu et al. 2009 EMC Acid-mine drainage 290 Cheng et al. 2007 28°C Jong et al., 2009, 2 nd Int. EMC Paper recycling WW 672 Huang & Logan 2008 Biomass MFC Conf., Korea. EMC Organic WW 899 Shimoyama et al. 2008 EMC Leachate 3600 Rabaey et al. 2003 EMC, Enriched microbial consortium
Hazardou ous
Nano-sized Alpha and Gamma alumina from Non-Radioactive Schedule Waste Applications: • Thermal insulating material – refractory, insulator , spark plug, electrical, ceramic • Electronic packaging material • Structural – polishing, cutting tools, bullet proof vest • Catalyst balls , water filter Catalyst balls Heat barrier Hazardous ous 20
RESEARCH APPROACH Recover Uranium and Thorium Radioactive Treatment Mineral Value-added advanced material Product with low radioactivity Radioactive Treatment Waste Stable form with lower waste volume Radioacti ctive ve 21
Nanoanatase and nanorutile powder from local radioactive mineral Paint form Ilmenite Mineral Nanoanatase and nanorutile in powder form Photodegradation Applications: -waste water treatment -Organic waste (POME) -Radioactive organic waste -SOx , NOx, formaldehyde, VOC gases -Smokes -Anti-bacteria -Anti-fungal -Self-cleaning Radioacti ctive ve 22
Titaniate Nanowire from Local Rutile Mineral Rutile mineral Titanate nanowire 20,000 X magnification under Electron Microscope • Nanowire is more efficient than powder due to its larger surface area Applications: • This innovative process is superior than existing -Hydrogen production method s as it requires shorter fabrication time, -Sensor used smaller amount of alkaline and does not -Electrode required high pressure -Solar panel Radioacti ctive ve 23
Vitrified low radioactivity brick from TENORM waste • Cheap brick formulation made from local red clay • Brick can be used in outdoor such as pavers, walls, garden, etc • Possible NORM waste that can be used includes radioactive oil sludge waste from oil and gas industry, radioactive iron gypsum waste from Lynas, etc. Local oil sludge waste • Lynas had expressed interest in using this technology for bricks and road sub-basement material • Properties of this brick includes: a. Radioactivity level diluted to background b. Leaching test using ISO 6961 method shows no radionuclide leach out after 2 years of leaching c. Compress strength of 4 times that of commercial clay brick Vitrified bricks from oil sludge waste Radioacti ctive ve 24
Solidification of radioactive Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid ( DEHPA) waste from ARE plant The closure of the ARE plant in 1994, • resulted to the DEHPA classified as a radioactive waste. Problem: Long term storage in liquid • form is difficult Total waste volume: 31500 m 3 Final solid waste form identified as apatite that low solubility in water Reduce waste volume (25% less) Easy long term storage of solid waste form Radioacti ctive ve 25
Treatment of Radioactive Contaminated Zircon Before fore treat eatme ment, t, Contains tains 2400 0 ppm ppm Urani nium um &Tho hori rium um Zircon Dump Afte ter r treat eatme ment Contains tains Present of radioactive • non amang dump due to the detec tecta table present of radioactive and radioact ioactiv ivi other impurities ty and iron n After treatment a cleaner • zircon mineral is obtained This due to removal • Uranium, Thorium as well as iron (Fe) Results to reusable of • radioactive mineral dumps Recovery of Uranium and • Thorium for nuclear fuel Opacifier Glaze Radioacti ctive ve 26 test test
Long Lived Fission Fragments (Tc-99, I-129, Cs-135, Sn-126..) Nuclea clear
????? Nuclea clear
Verti tical cal Horizonta ntal deposit itio ion deposit itio ion n Host stroc rock Host stroc rock Backfi ckfill ll Bent nton onite te Cani nister ter Bent nton onite te Cani nister ter Nuclea clear
Neut eutron ron Capture Non-Rad Radioacti active ve I- I- Xe- Xe n 129 129 130 130 130 130 β Energy rgy Beta a Particle What is Transmutation by Fission? Nuclea clear
Nuclea clear
Nuclea clear
Nuclea clear
Public blic Acceptanc ptance e e.g Broga ga, , Lynas as Technol nology gy Up Up-Scalin Scaling g and Commercializa mmercialization tion e.g Semeny enyih ih RDF Plant, ant, Benchmar nchmarking king local al technolog hnology y and cost Adva vance nce Technolo hnology gy – Hi High gh Inve vestment tment Cost e.g Transm nsmuter uter MYRRHA HA Excellen llent and Adequate equate Hu Human an Resou ource ce e.g Malaysia laysia vs vs Korea, ea, MYRRHA HA
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