MORE THAN FREEDOM Black Northerners and the Meaning of the Civil War Prof. Stephen Kantrowitz Department of History University of Wisconsin-Madison
African American population of the U.S., 1850
“I aspire too much”: Freedom without respect
Abraham Lincoln Endorses “Colonization” Aug. 14, 1862 “Your race are suffering, in my judgment, the greatest wrong inflicted on any people. But even when you cease to be slaves, you are yet far removed from being placed on an equality with the white race. You are cut off from many of the advantages which the other race enjoy. The aspiration of men is to enjoy equality with the best when free, but on this broad continent, not a single man of your race is made the equal of a single man of ours. Go where you are treated the best, and the ban is still upon you. I do not propose to discuss this, but to present it as a fact with which we have to deal. I cannot alter it if I would…. It is better for us both, therefore, to be separated.”
Claiming citizenship in a white republic
Interracial Abolitionism W. L. Garrison FUGITIVE SLA VE LAW convention Cazenovia, New York, August 21-22, 1850
Lewis Hayden Fugitive Sla ve, Militant, Civil War Recruiter (1817-1889)
The Attack on the Boston Courthouse, May 1854
Recruiting for the 54 th Massachusetts Gov. John A. Andrew
Storming Fort Wagner
Robert Morris and the “Massasoit Guard”
Christiana Carteaux Bannister ENTREPRENEUR AND ACTIVIST
Frederick Douglass on the meaning of military service "Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters U.S.; let him get an eagle on his button, and musket on his shoulder, and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on the earth or under the earth which can deny that he has earned the right of citizenship in the United States."
Abraham Lincoln On military service and citizenship March 13, 1864 “I barely suggest for your private consideration, whether some of the colored people may not be let in - as, for instance, the very intelligent, and especially those who have fought gallantly in our ranks. They would probably help, in some trying time to come, to keep the jewel of liberty within the family of freedom.”
“And Not this man?” Harper’s Weekly, Aug. 5, 1865
The New York City Draft Riots, July 1863
Framing Reconstruction as a choice: “Support the Negro” or “Protect the white man”
The persistence of the white republic
“Yours for the Rights of Man”
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