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Modern BTree techniques DMITRY DOLGOV 31-01-2020 @aspis7 1 @aspis7 1 Graefe, Goetz and Harumi A. Kuno. Modern B- tree techniques. IEEE 27th International Confer- ence on Data Engineering, 2011. D. Comet, Ubiquitous B-tree,

  1. Modern BTree techniques DMITRY DOLGOV 31-01-2020

  2. @aspis7 1

  3. @aspis7 1

  4. Graefe, Goetz and Harumi A. Kuno. ”Modern B- tree techniques.” IEEE 27th International Confer- ence on Data Engineering, 2011. � D. Comet, ”Ubiquitous B-tree”, ACM Comp. Surv., vol. 11, no. 2, 1979. 2

  5. � D. Comet, ”Ubiquitous B-tree”, ACM Comp. Surv., vol. 11, no. 2, 1979. � Graefe, Goetz and Harumi A. Kuno. ”Modern B- tree techniques.” IEEE 27th International Confer- ence on Data Engineering, 2011. 2

  6. � RUM conjecture � B-Tree Key normalization & friends SB-Tree MDAM � Hybrid, Bw-Tree, DPTree � Trie � Everything else 3

  7. B-Tree B + -Tree B link -Tree DPTree wB + -Tree NV-Tree FPTree FASTFAIR HiKV Masstree Skip List ART WORT CDDS-Tree Bw-Tree HOT KISS-Tree VAST-Tree FAST HV-Tree UB-Tree LHAM MDAM Hybrid B + -Tree 4

  8. Read Write Mem 5

  9. Read Write Mem 5

  10. Read Write Mem Complexity? 5

  11. B + Tree P. Lehman and S. Yao, Efficient Locking for Concurrent Operations on B-Trees, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol 6, No. 4, December 1981, pp 650-670 6

  12. B + Tree P. Lehman and S. Yao, Efficient Locking for Concurrent Operations on B-Trees, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol 6, No. 4, December 1981, pp 650-670 6

  13. B + Tree P. Lehman and S. Yao, Efficient Locking for Concurrent Operations on B-Trees, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol 6, No. 4, December 1981, pp 650-670 6

  14. B + Tree P. Lehman and S. Yao, Efficient Locking for Concurrent Operations on B-Trees, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol 6, No. 4, December 1981, pp 650-670 6

  15. B + Tree P. Lehman and S. Yao, Efficient Locking for Concurrent Operations on B-Trees, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol 6, No. 4, December 1981, pp 650-670 6

  16. B + Tree P. Lehman and S. Yao, Efficient Locking for Concurrent Operations on B-Trees, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol 6, No. 4, December 1981, pp 650-670 6

  17. Page split 7

  18. Page split 7

  19. Page split 7

  20. Page split 7

  21. Page merge ”By adding periodic rebuilding of the tree, we obtain a data structure that is theoreticaly superior to standard B-trees in many ways. Our results suggest that rebalancing on deletion no only unnecessary but may be harmful.” S. Sen and R. E. Tarjan, ”Deletion without rebalancing in multiway search trees.” ISAAC, pp. 832-841, 2009 8

  22. B-Tree Read Write Mem 9

  23. B-Tree Read Write Mem 9

  24. B-Tree Read Write Mem 9

  25. Key normalization 1 ”Dirk” ”Bart” 1 0..01 1 11..00 ∅ 1 10..10 ∅ 2 ”Todd” Null 1 0..10 1 01..00 ∅ 0 Null ”” Null 0 1 ∅ 0 R. C. Singleton, ”An efficient algorithm for sorting with minimal storage”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 12, no.3 pp. 185-186, 1969 10

  26. Prefix truncation Smith Jack 01-02-2019 Smith Jane 02-03-2019 Smith James 03-04-2019 11

  27. Prefix truncation Smith Ja ck 01-02-2019 Smith Ja ne 02-03-2019 Smith Ja mes 03-04-2019 11

  28. Prefix truncation Smith Ja ck 01-02-2019 ne 02-03-2019 mes 03-04-2019 11

  29. Prefix truncation 11

  30. Prefix truncation 11

  31. Dynamic prefix truncation 12

  32. Dynamic prefix truncation 12

  33. Dynamic prefix truncation 12

  34. Suffix truncation Johnson David 04-02-2019 Miller Kevin 01-02-2019 Miller Ned 02-03-2019 Miller Steven 03-04-2019 Smith Jack 01-02-2019 R. Bayer, K. Unterauer, ”Prefix B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11-26, 1977 13

  35. Suffix truncation Johnson David 04-02-2019 Miller Kevin 01-02-2019 Miller Ned 02-03-2019 Miller Steven 03-04-2019 Smith Jack 01-02-2019 R. Bayer, K. Unterauer, ”Prefix B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11-26, 1977 13

  36. Suffix truncation Johnson David 04-02-2019 Miller Kevin 01-02-2019 Miller N ed 02-03-2019 Miller Steven 03-04-2019 Smith Jack 01-02-2019 R. Bayer, K. Unterauer, ”Prefix B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11-26, 1977 13

  37. Suffix truncation J ohnson David 04-02-2019 Miller Kevin 01-02-2019 Miller Ned 02-03-2019 Miller Steven 03-04-2019 Smith Jack 01-02-2019 R. Bayer, K. Unterauer, ”Prefix B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11-26, 1977 13

  38. Indirection vector CPU Cache G. Graefe, Per-Ake Larson, ”B-tree indexes and CPU caches”, International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 349-358, 2001 14

  39. Indirection vector a b c d CPU Cache G. Graefe, Per-Ake Larson, ”B-tree indexes and CPU caches”, International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 349-358, 2001 14

  40. Indirection vector a b c d CPU Cache G. Graefe, Per-Ake Larson, ”B-tree indexes and CPU caches”, International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 349-358, 2001 14

  41. SB-tree P. E. O’Neil, ”The SB-tree: An index-sequential structure for high performance sequential access”, Acta Informatica, vol. 29, no. 3. pp. 241-265, 1992 15

  42. SB-tree P. E. O’Neil, ”The SB-tree: An index-sequential structure for high performance sequential access”, Acta Informatica, vol. 29, no. 3. pp. 241-265, 1992 15

  43. Multidimentional Access Method ... ... ... 1,a 1,z 2,a 2,z 3,a 3,z H. Leslie, R. Jain, D. Birdsall, H. Yaghmai, ”Efficient search of multidimentionel B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 650-670, 1995 16

  44. Multidimentional Access Method ... ... ... 1,a 1,z 2,a 2,z 3,a 3,z H. Leslie, R. Jain, D. Birdsall, H. Yaghmai, ”Efficient search of multidimentionel B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 650-670, 1995 16

  45. Multidimentional Access Method ... ... ... 1,a 1,z 2,a 2,z 3,a 3,z H. Leslie, R. Jain, D. Birdsall, H. Yaghmai, ”Efficient search of multidimentionel B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 650-670, 1995 16

  46. Multidimentional Access Method ... ... ... 1,a 1,z 2,a 2,z 3,a 3,z H. Leslie, R. Jain, D. Birdsall, H. Yaghmai, ”Efficient search of multidimentionel B-trees”, ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 650-670, 1995 16

  47. 17

  48. Partitioned B-tree 18

  49. Partitioned B-tree 18

  50. Partitioned B-tree G. Graefe, ”Sorting and indexing with partitioned B-Trees”, Classless Inter Domain Routing, 2003 18

  51. Partitioned B-tree G. Graefe, ”Sorting and indexing with partitioned B-Trees”, Classless Inter Domain Routing, 2003 18

  52. Partitioned B-tree Riegger Christian, Vincon Tobias, Petrov Ilia. (2017). Write-optimized indexing with partitioned b-trees. 296-300. 18

  53. Partitioned B-tree Riegger Christian, Vincon Tobias, Petrov Ilia. (2017). Write-optimized indexing with partitioned b-trees. 296-300. 18

  54. Hybrid indexes Insert Huanchen Zhang, David G. Andersen, Andrew Pavlo, Michael Kaminsky, Lin Ma, and Rui Shen. 2016. Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1567–1581. 19

  55. Hybrid indexes Insert Huanchen Zhang, David G. Andersen, Andrew Pavlo, Michael Kaminsky, Lin Ma, and Rui Shen. 2016. Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1567–1581. 19

  56. Hybrid indexes Insert Huanchen Zhang, David G. Andersen, Andrew Pavlo, Michael Kaminsky, Lin Ma, and Rui Shen. 2016. Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1567–1581. 19

  57. Hybrid indexes Insert Huanchen Zhang, David G. Andersen, Andrew Pavlo, Michael Kaminsky, Lin Ma, and Rui Shen. 2016. Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1567–1581. 19

  58. Hybrid indexes Read Insert Huanchen Zhang, David G. Andersen, Andrew Pavlo, Michael Kaminsky, Lin Ma, and Rui Shen. 2016. Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1567–1581. 19

  59. Hybrid indexes Read Insert Huanchen Zhang, David G. Andersen, Andrew Pavlo, Michael Kaminsky, Lin Ma, and Rui Shen. 2016. Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1567–1581. 19

  60. Bw-Tree Levandoski Justin, Lomet David, Sengupta Sudipta. (2012). The Bw-Tree: A B-tree for New Hardware Platforms. Proceedings - International Conference on Data Engineering. 20

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