Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting 2012 Chalmers R.P. Mathie November 23, 2012 ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Outline Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Table of Contents Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage ◮ Energy storage needed to match supply from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand ◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by 2020 ◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale technical demonstrator ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage ◮ Energy storage needed to match supply from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand ◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by 2020 ◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale technical demonstrator ◮ Imperial have a two part project: ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage ◮ Energy storage needed to match supply from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand ◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by 2020 ◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale technical demonstrator ◮ Imperial have a two part project: Experimental test rig and CFD modelling ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage ◮ Energy storage needed to match supply from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand ◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by 2020 ◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale technical demonstrator ◮ Imperial have a two part project: Experimental test rig and CFD modelling ◮ I am here to learn how to model parts of this device using openFoam ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Pumped Thermal Energy Storage ◮ Gas is compressed/expanded to heat/cool thermal reservoirs ◮ Flow direction is reversed to reclaim energy ◮ Round trip efficiency of 75 to 80 % ◮ High sensitivity to compressor/expander efficiency ◮ See White [2009], White et al. [2012] ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Table of Contents Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Reciprocating Compressors and Expanders ◮ Reciprocating compressors/expanders have high polytropic efficiency ◮ Isentropic are planning on using a ”Valve in Piston” configuration – DRESSER–RAND ◮ Large Open area ratio → Low pressure loss ◮ However, does this arrangement result in increased mixing? ◮ How does this affect heat transfer and the efficiency of the compressor/expander? ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Heat Transfer in a Gas Undergoing Cyclic Work ◮ Work done on gas generates an inversion of the temperature profile at the wall ◮ Heat can be transferred into the fluid, despite the bulk fluid temperature being 15 higher than the wall 10 ◮ Normal heat transfer coefficient 5 theta inadequate 0 -5 -10 -20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 qf ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Gas Springs ◮ Losses due to the cyclic heat transfer ◮ Sensitive to the heat transfer ad { 14 0.010 0.10 process 0.32 1.0 12 32 10 ◮ Complex Nusslet number (Lee 10 8 [1983] and Kornhauser and Smith loss 6 [1994]) 4 2 0 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 Pe ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Piston in Valve? ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Table of Contents Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage Second part of project: ◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage Second part of project: ◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and efficiency ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage Second part of project: ◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and efficiency (due to the constant temperature heat rejection) ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage Second part of project: ◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and efficiency (due to the constant temperature heat rejection) ◮ I want to analyse the losses in latent heat thermal reservoirs ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Energy Storage Second part of project: ◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and efficiency (due to the constant temperature heat rejection) ◮ I want to analyse the losses in latent heat thermal reservoirs ◮ In a similar fashion to that done for passive materials White [2011] ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Using meltFoam ◮ Quick Evaluation Using meltFoam R¨ osler and Br¨ uggemann [2011] ◮ Non isothermal phase change ◮ Darcy momentum source for solid phase ◮ Fluid flow solved by PIMPLE ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Using meltFoam ◮ Quick Evaluation Using meltFoam R¨ osler and Br¨ uggemann [2011] ◮ Non isothermal phase change ◮ Darcy momentum source for solid phase ◮ Fluid flow solved by PIMPLE ◮ Need to expand to 3D ◮ Is Fabian’s method correct? ◮ More complex boundary condition required (evolution of temperature in the gas side of the heat exchanger) ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
Thank You For Listening! A.J. White. Thermodynamic analysis of the reverse joule-brayton cycle heat pump for domestic heating. Applied Energy, 86(11): 2443–2450, 2009. A. White, G. Parks, and C.N. Markides. Thermodynamic analysis of pumped thermal electricity storage. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012. K.P. Lee. A simplistic model of cyclic heat transfer phenomena in closed spaces. In IECEC’83; Proceedings of the Eighteenth Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, volume 1, pages 720–723, Orlando, FL, USA, August 1983. 21-26. A.A. Kornhauser and J.L. Smith. Application of a complex nusselt number to heat transfer during compression and expansion. Journal of Heat Transfer, 116(3):536–542, 1994. A.J. White. Loss analysis of thermal reservoirs for electrical energy storage schemes. Applied Energy, 88(11):4150–4159, 2011. F. R¨ osler and D. Br¨ uggemann. Shell-and-tube type latent heat thermal energy storage: numerical analysis and comparison with experiments. Heat and mass transfer, 47(8):1027–1033, 2011. ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)
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