Apport de l’Ingénierie des Langages de Modélisation à l’Ingénierie Système Basée sur les Modèles : conception d’une méthode outillée pour la génération de Langages Métier interopérables, analysables et prouvables Blazo Nastov L aboratoire de G énie I nformatique et d’ I ngénierie de P roduction Journée des doctorant, Nîmes, France 19 June 2014 LGI2P - Ecole des Mines d’Alès LIRMM - Université Montpellier 2 Blazo.Nastov@mines-ales.fr Institut Mines-Télécom
Plan Context Creating DSMLs Model simulation & Property proof Limitations of existing works Conclusion and Perspectives 2 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Systems Engineering Approach for designing complex Decisions have impact on the system functioning, safety, cost… systems Involves to create, manipulate and Engineers must have confidence in created analyze models models A model = an aspect of a system under Confidence in a model if one is 1) Well study formed and 2)The right model Engineers take and argue architectural Model verification improves confidence in decisions based on models models 3 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
How to creating a DSML Language description Semantics description Abstract syntax: metamodel An abstract syntax reveal a partial description of the language’s • Language concepts semantics • Relationships between concepts Such semantics may sometimes be Concrete syntax ambiguous: Different specialists may • Textual have different understanding of a • Graphical single model Types of semantics • Denotational - a set of mathematical objects Define (denotations) which represents the meaning abstract syntax of the model • Operational - how a model is interpreted as a sequence of computational steps • Define Translational - translating a model into another language that is well understood concrete syntax 4 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Model simulation & Property proof Case 1: Manipulate 3th party Case 2: Directly manipulate “equivalent” models created models • • Provide translational semantics Provide operational semantics based on Translational Operational Semantics Semantics Operational Semantics Simulate Target DSML DSML based on create by DSML Model based on created by created by Simulate State of the art: translate Model Model into • A Design Pattern to Build Executable DSMLs and Associated V&V Tools (Combemale 2012) 5 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Studied approach: concept A metamodel including multiple metamodels Limitations • • DDMM - Domain Definition Meta Model State notion • • SDMM - State Definition Meta Model Event-State-Property notion • • EDMM - Event Definition Meta Model Temporal dimension ─ • Stable state TM3 - Trace Management Meta Model • Property description Semantics description • Language interoperability • A Property-Driven Approach for Formal Verification of process Models (Combemale 2008) Action Language or Metamodeling Language MetaMetaModel Model Transformation (e.g. MOF) (M3) <<conforms to>> <<conforms to>> TM3 SDMM Trace management States Definition MetaModel MetaModel MetaModel <<merge>> (M2) <<import>> <<merge>> <<changes>> Semantics DDMM EDMM Semantics Mapping Domain Definition Events Definition MetaModel <<merge>> MetaModel <<trigerredBy>> 6 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Limitations of studied approach (1) 1) State notion and formalization Principle Limitation: concepts having large, possibly unlimited, number of states • The behavior of a concept = state model • The evolution of a concept = state change Example: Example of a SDMM <<Resource>> <<Function>> 5L F1 Oil Observation: the resource “oil” should be in a state of min 5L Proposal: SDMM extension Example of EDMM • Define a finite number of ‘descriptive’ states (e.g. sufficient or insufficient ) • Quality and Quantity state variables • Mixed 7 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Limitations of studied approach (2) 2) Towards condition and event based transition approach Proposal: use state machines to abstract Principle SDMM and EDMM in order to improve • Define states in a SDMM readability and understandability • Define events in a EDMM • Define evolution properties Proposal: define transition firing, Example (see SDMM and EDMM) including an explicit conditional part For f Function clearly identified and separated from the { (f.state== authorised ) AND SDMM and EDMM ( i f.itemInputs,(i.state== present )) AND ( j f. resourceFlowInputs,((j.requestedQuantity >= Example j.sourceResource.availableQuantity) Cond1 ExecuteFunction AND Authorised Execution (j.requestedQuality == j.sourceResource.quality)))) Cond1 : {(f.state== authorised ) AND implies executeFunction (f) } ( i f.itemInputs,(i.state== present )) AND ( j f. resourceFlowInputs, ( Limitation: difficult to read and (j.requestedQuantity >= j.sourceResource.availableQuantity) AND understand (j.requestedQuality == j.sourceResource.quality))))} 8 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Limitations of studied approach (3) 3) Towards model transient states detection and management Principle Proposal: consider model stability • Temporal properties are defined using TOCL Introduce two types of clocks • Only one clock is considered • External : bound to the environment Limitation: model stability is out of reach • Internal : bound to the concept evolution • A model is in a “ stable state ” if it cannot Introduce evolution algorithm evolve into another state, taking into account the inputs defined into an operational scenario RI – read input • A “ transient state ” of a concept is a state such CFS – calculate future state WO – write output that it is possible to change that state without Stability is reached? modifying the inputs Example Initialize internal clock T i Result = (T 1 , A 2 , B 1 ) Internal clock CFS Firing conditions a 1 a 0 b 0 = A 1 • A 0 A 0 A 1 A 1 A 2 a 1 = B 1 • a 2 a 3 Scenario = (a 0 ,T 0 , A 0 , B 0 ) Initialize external clock T e External clock T 2 T 0 T 1 b 0 RI WO B 0 B 0 B 1 a 1 t 2 a 0 t 0 t 1 A 1 A 2 b 1 A 0 A 1 B 0 B 1 b 0 Increment external clock 9 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Limitations of studied approach (4) 4) Towards properties modeling 5) Towards modeling languages language and checking techniques and models interoperability Principle Limitation: model interoperability is out of reach of considered pattern • A property should be verified at each execution ( universal property ), or at Proposal: extend the pattern in order least once ( existential property ) to handle model interoperability Type of properties • Model interoperability = Dynamic • Structural properties semantics interoperability • • Temporal properties Extend SDMM & EDMM • Quantitative properties Limitation: considered approach Ecore is less advanced and profound compared to other property-driven Define DSML DSML interoperability approaches rules Proposal: study existing approached and extend then Model Model Interactions formalize the considered pattern 10 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Studied approach: tools Kermeta - executable metamodeling language • Define operational semantics trough aspect programming in imperative way ATL - Atlas Transformation Langage • Define operational semantics through endogenous transformations in declarative way • Define translational semantics through exogenous transformations in declarative way Main limitation and locks • Programming related • SE experts are not necessarily experts in programming 11 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Synthesis Systems engineering Model confidence & verification techniques A complete language description is composed of • An abstract syntax • A concrete syntax • A semantics description Simulation and property proof A Design Pattern to Build Executable DSMLs Limitations and Proposals 12 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
Publications B. Nastov, F. Pfister, Experimentation of a Graphical Concrete Syntax Generator for Domain Specific Modeling Languages. INFORSID 2014 (Selected for a special number of the review ISI) B. Nastov , Contribution to model verification: operational semantic for System Engineering modeling languages. CIEL 2014 B. Nastov, V. Chapurlat, C. Dony and F. Pfister. A verification approach from MDE applied to Model Based System Engineering: xeFFBD dynamic semantic. CSD&M 2014 13 19/06/2014 Institut Mines-Télécom Journée des doctorants - Nimes 2014
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