Minimalist Grammars Formalisme en Dependency Structures Sjoerd Dost - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Minimalist Grammars Formalisme en Dependency Structures Sjoerd Dost Myrthe Tielman Logical Methods in NLP 03/05/12 Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Inhoud The Minimalist Program 1 Minimalist Grammars 2 Lexicon Merge 3 Merge Move Onion 4 Dependency Structures 5 Aim Merge1 Merge2 and 3 Move1 Move2 Block Degree 6 Nestedness 7 Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness The Minimalist Program Chomsky, Universal Grammar Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness The Minimalist Program Chomsky, Universal Grammar ”e ff ort to attribute as little as possible to UG while still accounting for the apparent diversity of human languages” (Stabler, 2011) Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness The Minimalist Program Chomsky, Universal Grammar ”e ff ort to attribute as little as possible to UG while still accounting for the apparent diversity of human languages” (Stabler, 2011) Endocentricity Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Endocentricity ”A head X determines certain relevant properties of the phrase XP it is the head of.” Merging head x with xy gives { x { xy }} Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Lexicon Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Lexicon Stabler 2010: Computational perspectives on minimalism A minimalist grammar G is a lexicon: G ⇢ PhoneticFeatures x Features * , a finite set Where Features * is the set of finite sequences of syntactic features Where the elements of the lexicon are combined by the merge operation. (Stabler, 2011) Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Lexicon Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Features Features: Categorial N , V , A , P , C , T , D , . . . Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Lexicon Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Features Features: Categorial N , V , A , P , C , T , D , . . . Selector = N , = V , = A , = P , = C , = T , = D , . . . Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Lexicon Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Features Features: Categorial N , V , A , P , C , T , D , . . . Selector = N , = V , = A , = P , = C , = T , = D , . . . Licensee (goal) � wh , � case , . . . Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Lexicon Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Features Features: Categorial N , V , A , P , C , T , D , . . . Selector = N , = V , = A , = P , = C , = T , = D , . . . Licensee (goal) � wh , � case , . . . Licensor (probes) + wh , + case , . . . Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Lexicon Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Example Lexicon Who Marie praises? Marie :: D who :: D -wh praises :: =D =D V ε :: =T +wh C Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Merge From lexical items to trees Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Merge From lexical items to trees Lexical items are 1 node trees Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Merge From lexical items to trees Lexical items are 1 node trees Merge (external merge) and Move (internal merge) Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Merge From lexical items to trees Lexical items are 1 node trees Merge (external merge) and Move (internal merge) Merge to merge 2 trees together Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Merge From lexical items to trees Lexical items are 1 node trees Merge (external merge) and Move (internal merge) Merge to merge 2 trees together Move to restructure trees Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Merge rule  if | t 1 | = 1 <      t 1 t 2  em ( t 1 [= x ] , t 2 [ x ]) = otherwise >      t 2 t 1  Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Merge rule Merge (external merge) praises::=D =D V + Pierre::D ! < praises:=D V Pierre + Marie::D < ! > praises:=D V Pierre Marie < praises:V Pierre Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Move Move (internal merge) SMC: Exactly one head in the tree has -x as its first feature. Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Move Move (internal merge) SMC: Exactly one head in the tree has -x as its first feature. t { t 1 7! t 2 } : the result of replacing subtree t 1 by t 2 in t . Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Move Move (internal merge) SMC: Exactly one head in the tree has -x as its first feature. t { t 1 7! t 2 } : the result of replacing subtree t 1 by t 2 in t . t M : the maximal projection of the head of t . Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Move Move (internal merge) SMC: Exactly one head in the tree has -x as its first feature. t { t 1 7! t 2 } : the result of replacing subtree t 1 by t 2 in t . t M : the maximal projection of the head of t . A subtree is a maximal projection, if it is not properly included in any larger subtree that has the same head. Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Move im ( t 1 [+ x ]) = if SMC . > t M2 t 1 { t 2 [ � x ] M 7! ε } Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Move Move (internal merge) < ε :+wh C > Marie < praises < which:-wh student Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Merge Onion Move Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Structuurregels Move (internal merge) > < < which student ε :C > Marie < praises ε Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Merge Onion Dependency Structures Block Degree Nestedness Onion CMG = Conflated Minimalist Grammar, PMG = Phase-based Minimalist Grammar, RMG = Relativized Minimalist Grammar, MCFG = Multiple Context-free Grammar Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Aim Merge Merge1 Onion Merge2 and 3 Dependency Structures Move1 Block Degree Move2 Nestedness ”An interpretation of Minimalist Grammars in terms of dependency structures.” (Boston, Hale Kuhlmann 2010) Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Aim Merge Merge1 Onion Merge2 and 3 Dependency Structures Move1 Block Degree Move2 Nestedness Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Aim Merge Merge1 Onion Merge2 and 3 Dependency Structures Move1 Block Degree Move2 Nestedness Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Aim Merge Merge1 Onion Merge2 and 3 Dependency Structures Move1 Block Degree Move2 Nestedness Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Aim Merge Merge1 Onion Merge2 and 3 Dependency Structures Move1 Block Degree Move2 Nestedness Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars

The Minimalist Program Minimalist Grammars Aim Merge Merge1 Onion Merge2 and 3 Dependency Structures Move1 Block Degree Move2 Nestedness Dost, Tielman Minimalist Grammars