MIGRAT ION AND DE VE L OPME NT POL ICIE S AND ST RAT E GIE S IN T HE E COWAS RE GION: T HE ROL E OF DAT A Re gional wor kshop on str e ngthe ning the c olle c tion and use of inte r national migr ation data for de ve lopme nt Dakar , 8- 11 Se pte mbe r 2015 Pre se nte d by: Ge e rtrui L a nne a u, IOM
Outline Mig ra tio n a nd De ve lo pme nt in a Glo b a l Co nte xt • F ra me wo rk fo r Mig ra tio n a nd De ve lo pme nt in E COWAS • Ro le o f Da ta in Mig ra tio n a nd De ve lo pme nt Po lic y • Mig ra tio n Re la te d Da ta in the E COWAS Re g io n • Cha lle ng e s o f Mig ra tio n Re la te d Da ta in the E COWAS Re g io n • Re c o mme nda tio ns to I mpro ve Mig ra tio n Re la te d Da ta in the E COWAS Re g io n •
Migration and Development in a Global Context Me ga- T r e nds in Conte mpor ar y Migr ation 232 millio n inte rna tio na l mig ra nts wo rldwide (UNDE SA) • 405 millio n inte rna tio na l mig ra nts b y 2050 (Wo rld Ba nk) • F e miniza tio n : a lmo st ½ o f mig ra nts a re wo me n; mo re fe ma le mig ra nts a s he a ds • o f ho use ho lds Mixe d F lo ws, inc luding e c o no mic mig ra nts, smug g le d pe rso ns, vic tims o f • tra ffic king , re fug e e s, mig ra nts mo ving fo r e nviro nme nta l re a so ns, e tc . 84 pe r c e nt o f inte rna tio na l mig ra tio n in We st Afric a is to a no the r sta te in the • re g io n
Development Potential of Migration I t has b e e n pro ve n that we ll manag e d mig ratio n and mo b ility have po sitive impac ts o n mig rants' we ll-b e ing and the de ve lo pme nt o f b o th c o untrie s o f o rig in and de stinatio n Co untry o f De stina tio n Co untry o f Orig in •F ills la b o ur sho rta g e s / g a ps (unskille d & •A live liho o d stra te g y fo r pe o ple in skille d) ha rdship •Ca ta lyst fo r e ntre pre ne uria l inno va tio n •Une mplo yme nt stra te g y •Susta ina b le e c o no mic g ro wth •Re mitta nc e s •I nc re a se in c ultura l dive rsity •Skills a nd te c hno lo g y tra nsfe r •Cultura l links tha t impro ve inte rna tio na l tra de
ECOWAS • E c o no mic Co mmunity o f We st Afric a n Sta te s (E COWAS) • 15 Me mb e r Sta te s
Migration in ECOWAS • E COWAS is a re g io n c ha ra c te rize d b y a hig h mo b ility o f its po pula tio n • Pre do mina nc e o f intra -re g io na l mig ra tio n: mig ra tio n flo ws within the re g io n a re fa r mo re impo rta nt tha n mig ra ito n flo ws to o the r re g io ns • T he ma in flo ws g o fro m the po o re r hinte rla nd (Nig e r, Ma li) to wa rds the c o a sta l c o untrie s (Sé né g a l, Cô te d’ I vo ire , Gha na , e tc .) • I ntra -re g io na l mig ra tio n in E COWAS is c ha ra c te rize d b y lo we d skille d mig ra nts wo rking in the info rma l se c to r
Framework for Migration and Development in ECOWAS E COWAS F r e e Move me nt Pr otoc ols F re e intra-re g io nal mo ve me nt o f pe rso ns is at the he art o f the E COWAS re g io nal inte g ratio n and de ve lo pme nt pro c e ss RIGHT OF RIGHT OF RIGHT OF RE SIDE NCE E ST ABL ISHME NT E NT RY Ac c e ss to no n-sa la rie d Inc o me e a rning a c tivitie s I nc o me e a rning e mplo yme nt Ac c e ss to no n- Rig ht o f E ntry witho ut e mplo yme nt sa la rie d a c tivitie s E sta b lishme nt o f Se e k a nd a pply fo r jo b s Visa e nte rprise s Se e k a nd a pply fo r E sta b lishme nt o f Pa sspo rt a nd he a lth E COWAS re sid e nc e jo b s e nte rprise s Princ iple o f no n pe rmit c e rt. d isc rimina tio n E COWAS re side nc e Princ iple o f no n 90 da ys limit pe rmit disc rimina tio n
Framework for Migration and Development in ECOWAS (cont.) E COWAS Common Appr oac h on Migr ation F re e move me nt of pe rsons within the E COWAS zone is funda me nta l to inte g ra tion ation L e g a l mig ra tion to othe r re g ions of the world c ontribute s to COWAS Common 6 Princ iple s to de ve lopme nt oac h on Migr maximize the de ve lo pme ntal Comba ting huma n tra ffic king is a mora l a nd huma nita ria n impe ra tive po te ntial o f mig ratio n and Ha rmonizing mig ra tion re la te d polic ie s mo b ility in the re g io n Appr E Prote c tion of the rig hts of mig ra nts, a sylum se e ke rs a nd re fug e e s Re c og nizing the g e nde r dime nsion of mig ra tion
Role of Data in Migration and Development Policy Role of Data De ve lo ping e vide nc e -b a se d mig ra tio n a nd de ve lo pme nt po lic ie s Allo ws institutio ns ma na g ing mig ra tio n to pla n, a nd b udg e t a c c ura te ly Allo ws institutio ns ma na g ing mig ra tio n to e va lua te the impa c t o f mig ra tio n po lic ie s a c c ura te ly Ope n a nd a c c e ssib le da ta e nsure s a c c o unta b ility a nd tra nspa re nc y in the de ve lo pme nt pro c e ss
Migration Related Data in the ECOWAS Region Co mmo n tra its in the re g io n: Popula tion Ce nsuse s Simila r da ta so urc e s a nd c o nte nt o f da ta ma in so urc e o f info rma tio n o n mig ra tio n Simila r c ha lle ng e s a mo ng st sta te s in the re g io n House hold Sa mple Surve ys g e ne ra l / multi-to pic surve ys, spe c ia lize d surve ys So urc e s Administra tive da ta c o lle c te d a t b o rde r po sts, e mb a ssy re g istra tio n, re side nc e / wo rk pe rmits xe rc ise s Dia spora Ma pping E
Challenges with Migration Data Sources in the Region Ge ne r a l popula tion c e nsuse s Diffe re nc e s in the le ve l o f da ta c o lle c tio n a nd a na lysis Co nduc te d de c e nnia lly (ma ny c o untrie s ha ve no t c a rrie d the m o ut c o nsiste ntly) No t e ffic ie nt in tra c king c ha ng e s in mig ra to ry pa tte rns in the pe rio d b e twe e n two c o nse c utive c e nsuse s Quite e xpe nsive House hold sa mple sur ve ys F e w spe c ific ho use ho ld surve ys o n mig ra tio n in the re g io n Mig ra tio n mo dule s ha ve b e e n a dde d to so me surve ys b ut this ha s no t b e e n do ne in a c o nsiste nt ma nne r Diffe re nc e s in the le ve l o f da ta c o lle c tio n a nd a na lysis Administr a tive Da ta Hig h inc ide nc e o f irre g ula r mig ra to ry mo ve me nts ma ke da ta c o lle c te d unre lia b le a nd inc o mpa ra b le Diffic ulty o f c o nsula r a nd diplo ma tic po sts to re a c h the who le po pula tio n o f na tio na ls a b ro a d
Other Challenges with Migration Data in the Region L imite d a c tivitie s in the a re a o f mig ra tio n da ta c o lle c tio n a nd ma na g e me nt a t • the re g io na l le ve l (da ta c o lle c tio n a nd ma na g e me nt still so le ly a t na tio na l le ve l) L imite d institutio na l fra me wo rk fo r c o o pe ra tio n a mo ng na tio na l institutio ns • c o lle c ting mig ra tio n re la te d da ta Diffe re nc e s in a dministra tive / sta tistic a l c a pa c itie s • E q uipme nt a nd huma n re so urc e s • Utilisa tio n o f mig ra tio n-re la te d da ta •
Recommendations to Improve Migration Data in the Region T he c a pa c ity o f the E COWAS Co mmissio n to b e the fo c a l po int fo r ha rmo niza tio n o f • mig ra tio n da ta c o lle c tio n a nd ma na g e me nt sho uld b e e nha nc e d De ve lo ping the huma n a nd te c hno lo g ic a l c a pa c ity fo r mig ra tio n da ta • ma na g e me nt E nha nc ing the fina nc ia l c a pa c ity o f c o mpe te nt institutio ns • I mpro ving the struc ture s fo r mig ra tio n da ta c o lle c tio n, re po rting , a nd q ua lity • a ssura nc e Cre a ting me a ns fo r tra c king irre g ula r mig ra tio n • E sta b lishing institutio na l c o o rdina tio n a mo ng st a g e nc ie s •
T HANK YOU F OR YOUR AT T E NT ION! GL ANNE AU@IOM.INT
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