MENTOR : Goran engstrom Beatrice Mgaya Kilima SUA TANZANIA
Improve the quality and safety of milk and milk products by reducing antibiotics residues in milk to enhance their livelihood (A case study Of Masai women )
Presentation contents ❖ Preview of project ❖ Objectives ❖ Methodology ❖ Results ❖ Training ❖ Challenges ❖ conclusion
Project preview Milk production in Tanzania ❖ Traditional ❖ Commercial 70% of milk comes from traditional (indigenous cattle) In Tanzania we have few tribe involved with pastoralists among them is masai tribe
Pastoralists are moving from one area ❖ Water source ❖ Feeding lands Animals become very prone to diseases High incidence of tropical tick borne diseases coupled with other infectious diseases conditions necessitates use of antimicrobial agents in cattle
❖ failure to observe the mandatory withdrawal time/periods ❖ illegal or extra-label use of veterinary drugs ❖ incorrect dosage levels application Residues of drugs in milk and meat is a potential health risks.
❖ Effects of antibiotic residues include selection of antibiotic -resistant bacteria which could later be transferred from animals to humans, through contaminated milk products ❖ Milk quality can also be contaminated by bacteria
Different sources ❖ the milking environment, wind, feeds, soil, faeces, ❖ milking equipment, ❖ farm personnel, ❖ Housing
❖ To ensure production of quality milk, it is necessary to understand the various causes and sources of milk contamination at the farm level ❖ The aim of this study is to train the Masaai women on the proper use of antibiotics on cows , antibiotics residues effect on quality of milk and hygienic milking and handling of milk
Project purpose ❖ Improve the quality of milk and milk products by reducing antibiotics residues in milk to enhance their livelihood
Specific objective i. To assessing the farmers knowledge on cattle keeping, use of antibiotics and hygienic milking and handling and storage. ii. To training on cattle keeping, proper use of antibiotic and hygienic milking and handling and storage. iii. Processing of improved milk products using high quality milk
Project Activities i. Obtaining authorization to carry out the activity from university, regional, district level and divisional level ii. Identification of women to participate in project
iii. Small survey to determine the knowledge of women on cattle keeping, proper use of antibiotic and hygienic milking and handling and storage. iv. Training of participant on cattle keeping, proper use of antibiotic and hygienic milking and handling and storage. Emphasis was to cover the gap on knowledge
Stakeholders involved ❖ Veterinary officers ❖ Extension officers ❖ Health officers ❖ Food scientists ❖ Technicians ❖ Farmers ❖ Animal drug providers ❖ Consumers ❖ Milk processors ´ , Milk traders ❖ Government organisations and institutes TFDA, TBS, SUA ❖ Ministries-health, agriculture, livestock ❖ Non government organisations-milk
Methodology Project area ❖ Sokoine village, Mvomero district, Morogoro region about 35 Km from Morogoro town Selection of participatory women ❖ participatory approach -village leaders, livestock officers and extension officers at division and village levels. ❖ 5 streets available and 4 women selected
❖ Use structured questionnaire. ❖ The aim was to gather general understanding of the participant on the use of antibiotics, knowledge on milking, handling and storage before sale.
Demographic characteristics of the women Variable % Age (Years) 15-35 (3)14.3 36-55 (15)71.4 Above 55 (3)14.3 Marital Status Single (1)4.8 Married (18)85.7 Divorced 0 Widowed (2)9.5 Education Level Non formal (3)14.3 Informal (8)33.3 Primary (9)38.1 Secondary (3)14.3
General knowledge/information on access to veterinary services, handling/practices and use of veterinary drugs. Variable % Type of production system practiced Communal grazing (21) 100 Zero grazing/Intensive 0 Semi intensive grazing 0 Extensive grazing system 0 The common diseases affecting cattle ECF (1)4.8 Anaplasmosis 0 Trypanosomiasis 0 Mastitis (15)71.4 FMD (3)14.3 Lumpy skin diseases (1)4.8 CBPP (1)4.8 Worms 0 Type of antibiotics are given to your animals Tetracyclines (CTC &OTC) (10) 47.6 Pen Streptomycin 0 Sulphonamide (9) 42.9 Gentamycin (2) 9.5 Drugs for treating animal Animal drug shop (3) 14.3 Market e.g cattle market ( ) (18) 85.7 From livestock officer 0
Variable % Treatment of animal when they get sick Conduct own treatment ( ) (18 )85.7 Call livestock officer (3)14.3 Any other means (State). 0 Reading instruction before administration Yes 0 No (21)100 Frequency of drug use per day Once per day (8)38.1 Twice per day (13)61.9 Three times per day 0 Time or period for treating animals When they are sick (21)100 Continue for some day after recovery 0 At any time even if they are not sick 0 Sell milk immediately after last dose of cattle treatment Yes (18)85.7 No (3)14.3 Reasons for not sell milk immediately after last dose of cattle treatment Observe veterinary withdrawal period/time 0 Milk contains veterinary drug residues 0 Others (Smell) (3)100 Drug withdraw Period Yes 0 No (21)100 Health effects if a person consume milk with antibiotic drug residues Yes 0 No. 0 I don’t know (21)100
Types of housing and water source Variable% Barn types Concrete floor 0 Earthen (21)100 Barn floor bedding types Grass bedding 0 Muddy bedding (21)100 Barn cleaning frequency Daily (21)100 3 times a week 0 Feeding and watering practices Feeding regimen Grazing natural pasture (21)100 Supplemented with local feed 0 Supplemented with concentrate 0 Mixed 0 Sources of water for farm activities Pipe 0 River 0 Deep wells (17)80.9 Tap Water (4)19.1
Practices towards milking and hygienic condition Variable % Milking frequency Once 0 Twice a day (21)100 3 times a day 0 Hand washing practice before milking Yes (21)100 No 0 Milking utensils used for milking Metal 0 Plastic 0 Pot (21)100 Cleaning frequency of milking utensils Once daily 0 Twice daily (21)100 times a week 0 Udder washing before milking Yes (21)100 No 0 Teat (udder) drying habit or practice before washing Yes (2)9.5 No (19)90.5
Always stop milk handling while showing disease symptoms No (2)9.5 Yes (16)76.2 Sometimes (3)14.3 Wash hands before start milk handling Yes (21)100 No 0 Methods of washing hands Cold water only (18)85.7 Warm water (3)14.3 Method of removing physical hazards from the milk when available Bare hand (18)85.7 Stick 0 Spoon (3)14.3 Protect milk from being exposed to coughing &sneezing Yes (21)100 No 0 Equipment for storing and selling milk Metal 0 Plastic (21)100 Pot 0
Training ❖ Based on the assessment of general knowledge of participant ❖ A training was conducted on 21.02.2019 ❖ Training was on HYGIENIC MILK PRODUCTION ❖ Training was divided into Four parts
TRAINING SECTION Part one : Good quality milk and its importance Part two : Production of high quality milk a. Animal health – diseases-antibiotics, udder health, environment, animal cleanliness b. Milker-hygienic conditions and health status c. Milking equipments- cleanliness, sanitation and types of equipment used
Part three : Handling and Storage of milk ❖ Equipment used, cleanliness , cold storage Part Four : Documentation and record keeping
CHALLENGES ❖ AUTHORIZATION ❖ TIME ❖ COSTS
CONCLUSION ❖ Need to conduct training at district, regional and national level on ÁNTIBIOTICS HYGIENIC HANDLING OF MILK
AKNOWLEDGEMENT ❖ SIDA ❖ SUA ❖ RAS ❖ DAS ❖ DO ❖ MENTOR
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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