Outline Measurements and Observations of IP Introduction Multicast Traffic Environment and methodology Bruce A. Mah Measurements bmah@CS.Berkeley.EDU Aggregate The Tenet Group Audio conversations University of California at Berkeley Video conversations and Analysis and random observations International Computer Science Institute 14 February 1994 Conclusions Y I T • O F S • R C E A V A L I I F N O U • R E L E L T T I G H N H T H T E R E B E A I • • • 1 8 6 8 • XUNET Student Meeting, Chicago, IL Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffic Page 1 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffic Page 2 of 16 Environment and Methodology Introduction IP Multicast tcpdump To XUNET MBONE MBONE (Multicast Backbone): Virtual network for XCS (Ethernet) routers XUNET 128.32.131 supporting Internet-wide multicasts 192.128.57 propaganda “Multimedia” tools paradigm Video ( nv, vic, ivs ) Audio ( vat, nevot ) 192.107.102 conviction Tenet (FDDI) Shared whiteboard ( wb ) Still image distribution ( imm ) To campus 128.32.201 The first widespread multimedia applications and Sequoia 2000 ICSI (Ethernet) MBONE routers What can we learn about network traffic generated by production use multimedia applications? Capture packet headers for off-line processing sdsnoop: Session Directory Snoop Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffic Page 3 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffic Page 4 of 16
Aggregate IP Multicast Traffi c Aggregate IP Multicast Traffi c XUNET Video Conference ”Just an ordinary day” 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST 20 January 1994 09:45 AM to 21 January 1994 09:47 AM PST 2000 2000 Total IP Multicast Traffic Total IP Multicast Traffic 1500 1500 KBits per second KBits per second 1000 1000 500 500 0 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 Time in Seconds Time in Seconds Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 5 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 6 of 16 Audio Bitrate Video Bitrate (nv 128Kbps) XUNET Audio law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video (one-second samples) 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST 300 140 law.cs.berkeley.edu 250 120 KBits per second KBits per second 100 200 80 150 60 100 40 50 20 0 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Time in Seconds Time in Seconds Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 7 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 8 of 16
Video (nv) Bitrate Video (nv) Packet Sizes law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video (fi ve second samples) law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST 300 1 law.cs.berkeley.edu 250 Cumulative Distribution 0.8 KBits per second 200 0.6 150 0.4 100 0.2 50 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Time in Seconds Packet Size in Bytes Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 9 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 10 of 16 Video (nv) Packet Interarrival Time Still Image Distribution (imm) law.CS.Berkeley.EDU to XUNET Video GOES-7 (Visual Satellite Images) 22 September 1993 11:34 AM to 1:06 PM PST 10 1 8 Cumulative Distribution 0.8 KBits per second 6 0.6 4 0.4 2 0.2 0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 0 Time in Seconds 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Interarrival Time in Milliseconds The solution to “casual Internet usage?” Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 11 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 12 of 16
Traffi c Analysis Traffi c Br eakdown 20 January 1994 Trace Gross Characteristics 723 MB total (all sessions) 299 traffi c sour ces 585 MB (81.0% percent of total) from a locally-advertised “radio session” , adjusted totals exclude this session 65 destinations 1,005 conversations 24 advertised sessions 722,901,051 total bytes 100 MB (72.6% of adjusted total) Still Images ( imm and mnm ): 46 MB 2,239,382 total packets Audio ( vat ): 42 MB No special events this day...why so many destination Video ( nv ): 11 MB addresses? 7 unadvertised but known sessions 8 MB (5.5% of adjusted total) 33 unknown sessions 30 MB (21.8% of adjusted total) Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 13 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 14 of 16 Funny User Behavior Conclusions What’s happening here? Aggregate traffi c c patterns suggest vat Traffi IP Multicast traffi c still highly variable No sd advertisements suggests testing, experimentation Dependent on special events and outside factors Improper scope control (most sources in Europe, why should we see Diffi cult to constr uct a “typical” workload their traffi c in California?) Trends? Suggestions Audio conferencing traffi c We need real multicast tree pruning! “Floor control” needed Users need education! Video conferencing traffi c Hosts unreachable from ANSNET backbone User behavior Better protection in network (true multicast tree pruning) User education Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 15 of 16 Measurements and Observations of IP Multicast Traffi c Page 16 of 16
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