What Can You Do? Share the message: social media, letters to editor, etc ◦ The World Needs Nuclear! Share the link: www.nuclearconnect.org Be a part of the public discussion — why is our energy future not part of the current election debate? Challenge junk science wherever you encounter it Be proud of who you are and what you do Join, renew and recruit for ANS! The People of the World Deserve Better than Anti Nuclear Politics
The WORLD D needs ds NU NUCL CLEA EAR NUCLEAR NU LEAR needs ds the Am American rican Nu Nuclear lear Society iety
Andrew C. Klein, PhD, PE
Andrew C. Klein, PhD, PE Vice-President/President-Elect of ANS Editor, Nuclear Technology Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering Oregon State University May 2016
The Importance of Nuclear Energy Evolution of Nuclear Power Small Modular Reactors Advancing Advanced Reactors Grand Challenges for Nuclear Technologies What can you do?
Nuclear – Important, Clean Energy Source Nuclear power is the clean, Net Non-emitting Sources of Electricity reliable, expandable base Geothermal 1% load energy source Hydro 21% Solar 0% Wind Provides over 70% of U.S. 3% emission-free electricity Biomass 5% Avoids about 600 MMTCO 2 each Nuclear year 70% Source: Energy Information Administration Helps reduces overall NOx and SOx levels
So, What’s Happening? Deregulated markets in US do not recognize • emissions reduction or even capacity factors Price of natural gas • Overall slow demand growth • Five units in US shut down since 2013 • Three more already scheduled • More operating units at risk • No credit for operating plants in the EPA CPP • Only five new units presently under • construction Little recognition of the vital role nuclear plays • in reducing emissions
Some Glimmer of Rationality? EPA CPP does provide credit for new nuclear • White House Summit (November 2015); • clear declaration of the need for nuclear and innovation Wisconsin and Kentucky Legislatures repeal • of nuclear prohibition NY State PUC staff statement •
ANS Nuclear In the States Toolkit • DOE-NE Workshop – May 19 th • Save US Nuclear activities • Environmental Progress • Third Way • Breakthrough Institute • Clean Air Task Force • Others •
Policy icy options ons for States consid ideri ering ng the role of nuclear ear power in their r energy gy mix Policy pathways to support the current nuclear fleet • Goal is to prevent early plant retirements • Comprehensive overview of a wide range of policy and other • options Federal-level initiatives such as federal tax credits • Community-level options like public hearings • Policy tools • Market-based tools • State policymakers determine methods to best fit their goals • Policy • Environmental • Energy • Economic • Each State faces a different set of circumstances regarding • nuclear power
Increase crease Nuclea lear r Plant nt Reve venu nue/Revenu /Revenue e Certainty tainty • Power wer Cont ntracts racts • Low ow-Car arbo bon Portfolio olio Standard ndard • Carbo bon Tax • Nuc uclear lear Portfoli folio Standar ndard d • Clean ean Air Portfoli folio Standar ndard • Publ blic ic Hearings/Me rings/Meeting etings s • Cle lean an Power r Plan n Imple lementati mentation on • Indus ustry try Conso solidation lidation • Public/Go blic/Gove vernmen rnment t Ownershi ership p • Lower er Costs sts • Capa paci city ty Markets ts • Elect ctrici ricity ty Markets ts • Retur urn n to Economic nomic Regulation ulation • Others ers •
Outlook on New Construction
Five New Units Under Construction
High capital costs ($8-12 billion) Used fuel issues Availability of nuclear qualified components Availability of skilled personnel Lengthy licensing and construction schedule Cost and schedule performance Public concerns/misunderstandings Price/availability of natural gas
Advanced Nuclear Technologies Chal allenge enges Op Opportuni ortunitie ties Different Operations Highly Efficient and Industry Comfort? Technologies New Licensing New Instrumentation Strategies/Requirement and Control Strategies s? Modular Construction Inexperience with New Preapproved Sites Technologies? Dramatically Reducing Industry? Waste Production Regulator? Proliferation Resistant Workforce? Turning the Economy of New Markets Scale on it’s Head?
Many recent new and old ideas Small Modular Reactors Advanced Reactors Innovative Nuclear Concepts Innovative Development Constructs Innovative Nuclear Business Models
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are being developed for deployment around the world Offer enhanced passive safety features and promise lower construction and financing costs Domestic market focused on replacement of 600+ smaller, aging coal fired plants Export market focused on emerging economies with smaller grids
SMRs potential for changing social and energy supply paradigms is compelling Jobs US goods and services National Security and energy policy Climate change benefits NuScale Integral PWR Complement large reactor programs
KLT-40 Icebreaker Reactor Molten Salt Reactor Hyperion Reactor (35 Mwe floating nuclear power plant) Toshiba 4S (10 to 50 MWe) Sodium-cooled General Atomics MHR PBMR (165 MWe) 57
Primary side Natural circulation Integral pressurizer main steam line No Reactor Coolant Pumps pressurizer Secondary side Feedwater plenums Two helical steam generators with large surface area per volume helical coil steam generator to maximize thermal efficiency main feedwater Steam plenums line hot leg riser downcomer core primary coolant flow path
Reactor building houses reactor modules, fuel pool, and reactor pool reactor pool biological shield building refueling machine water crane reactor building spent fuel pool weir reactor vessel containment vessel flange tool NuScale Power flange tool Modules
Stable Long-Term Cooling Under all Conditions Reactor and nuclear fuel cooled indefinitely without pumps or power WATER ER COOLING BOILING AIR COOLING * Based on conservative calculations assuming all 12 modules in simultaneous upset conditions and reduced pool water inventory
Generation IV Designs and Concepts US Department of Energy International Development Large Companies – Private Investments Startup Companies – Venture Capital
Process heat applications including cogeneration Actinide management to extend fuel resource utilization Reduce the nuclear waste burden Integration of with intermittent energy sources for reliable energy systems Hybrid Energy Systems
Reduction of capital cost and improvement of thermal energy conversion Incorporation of passive safety features Advanced fuels Dissolved Particle Metallic Ceramic Cladding innovations enabling high burnup, extensive actinide destruction, and enhanced accident tolerance Advanced power conversion systems (Brayton, supercritical CO 2 ) to improve overall energy conversion efficiency and reduce water usage
New DOE-NE approach Provide the nuclear community with access to the technical, regulatory, and financial support necessary to move innovative nuclear energy technologies toward commercialization Ensure continued safe, reliable, and economic operation of the existing nuclear fleet
Demonstration Reactor Concepts Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor Molten Salt-Cooled Reactor Test Reactor Concepts Sodium-Cooled Fast Test Reactor Helium-Cooled Thermal Test Reactor
Sodium fast reactor demonstration reactor projects Russia (880 MWe BN-800) India (500 MWe PFBR) China (Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) in operation since 2010) Japan (restart of Japan Experimental Fast Reactor (JOYO) test reactor and Monju demonstration reactor) Sodium fast reactor design projects Korea (150 MWe PGSFR) France (300 MWe ASTRID) High temperature gas-cooled reactor projects China (building two-unit 250 MW pebble bed) Eastern Europe (ALLEGRO fast-spectrum gas-cooled reactor study)
Lead-cooled fast reactor project Russia (BREST-300 design project, aiming for 2020 operation) Subcritical accelerator-driven test projects Belgium (85MWth Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications (MYRRHA) design project) Russia (study phase) European Union (study phase) Molten salt reactor projects China (2 to 10 MW molten salt pebble bed reactor) Europe (study phase) Russia (study phase)
Approach by ANS membership to identify the • technical Nuclear Grand Challenges Grass-roots efforts to be conducted through • ANS Professional Divisions & utilize ANS Collaborate Initiated in Fall of 2016 – Stay Tuned! • Final list announced in June 2017 •
What Can You Do? Share the message: social media, letters to • editor, etc. The World Needs Nuclear! • Share the link: www.nuclearconnect.org • Be involved: • Washington Internships for Students of • Engineering (WISE) Be a part of the public discussion: • Why is your energy future not part of the current • election debate? Challenge bad science wherever you encounter it • Be proud of who you are and what you do • Join, renew and recruit for ANS! •
The WORLD D needs ds NU NUCL CLEA EAR NUCLEAR NU LEAR needs ds the Am American rican Nu Nuclear lear Society iety
Nine-week eek program am in Washing ingto ton, n, D.C. sponsored red by a consortium ortium of professional onal societies ies ◦ Focus us: : Technolog hnology policy cy — i.e i.e., ., the inters rsection ction between technology nology and the political ical process ◦ Primar mary audience ce – rising ing seniors ors, , but grad students ts (especiall lly first st year) will be consid idered red, , too ◦ Seminars nars and meetings ngs at governm rnment ent agencies ies in the Washington ngton area ◦ Indivi vidual ual researc rch h project ct on a t technolog ology policy cy issue of the intern’s choice— 20 20 page paper and end-of of-program rogram presenta tation tion on Capitol l Hill ◦ Intern ern class of about 12-15 students, ts, led by Faculty ty-Memb ember er-in in- Residence ence ANS sponsors rs two interns rns each h summer er ◦ Offic ice e space and support t provided ed by Nucle lear ar Energ rgy Institute itute ◦ Stipend nd of $2100; 0; housing ing provided ed by WISE Program ram in George e Washing ington ton U. dormitor torie ies ◦ ANS Student Membershi ship required red for sponsors orship hip by ANS ◦ Applica cation tion deadline ne: : December er 31
WISE SE participatio icipation can n help p open n a wide e va variet ety y of oppor portun tunit ities: ies: grad scho hool, l, indust ustry ry and natio ional al laborator oratory y internsh rnships ips, , and jobs bs ANS NS Ne News s arti ticle les on th the progra ram m appear ear tw twice ce each ch year ANS S WISE E Coor ordin dinat ator: : Dr. Alan n Levin vin, , DOE, , alevin@ in@alu alum.mi .mit.edu .edu WISE SE website: site: www ww.wi .wise-inter intern. n.org “The summe mmer I spent in th the WISE E program am was extr tremel emely y influen fluentia ial l on n my career eer path. After er complet mpletio ion of my servi vice ce time e with h the U.S. Navy and Master’s Degree, I decided on a career path that woul ould d use my engin inee eerin ing g backgr groun ound d and interest rest in public ic policy icy gained ined from m the WISE E program am and had the oppor portun tunit ity to join n the U.S. S. Nuclea clear Regulat gulatory ory Comm mmission ission .” -- --Ch Chris is Henderso nderson, , U.S. . NR NRC C residen ent t inspecto pector and 1998 98 ANS NS WISE E inter tern
74
Andrew C. Klein, PhD, PE Vice-President/President-Elect of ANS Editor, Nuclear Technology Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering Oregon State University May 2016
Founded in December 1954 • Creates a forum for • knowledge sharing Convenes countless • conferences Stimulates discussion and • debate among professionals Fosters interest in the • profession Provides recognition for • excellence Influences the conversation • about nuclear with those outside the field
Some Vital Statistics Almost 10,000 individual members • Nearly 100 organizational members • International alliances, bilateral • agreements with some 30 nuclear societies outside the U.S. Over 60 local sections • (including 9 outside the U.S.) 20 specialty professional divisions • and technical groups including the Young Members Group More than 30 local student sections •
The Importance of Nuclear Energy Evolution of Nuclear Power Small Modular Reactors Advancing Advanced Reactors Grand Challenges for Nuclear Technologies What can you do?
Nuclear – Important, Clean Energy Source Nuclear power is the clean, Net Non-emitting Sources of Electricity reliable, expandable base Geothermal 1% load energy source Hydro 21% Solar 0% Wind Provides over 70% of U.S. 3% emission-free electricity Biomass 5% Avoids about 600 MMTCO 2 each Nuclear year 70% Source: Energy Information Administration Helps reduces overall NOx and SOx levels
Current Energy Consumption is Carbon Based WNA, 2014
Source: Monthly Energy Review, US Energy Information Administration, March 2015
So, What’s Happening? Deregulated markets in US do not recognize • emissions reduction or even capacity factors Price of natural gas • Overall slow demand growth • Five units in US shut down since 2013 • Three more already scheduled • More operating units at risk • No credit for operating plants in the EPA CPP • Only five new units presently under • construction Little recognition of the vital role nuclear plays • in reducing emissions
X X XX X Fitzpatrick scheduled to close January 2017 Pilgrim to shut down in 2019 Oyster Creek scheduled to close in 2019
Some Glimmer of Rationality? EPA CPP does provide credit for new nuclear • White House Summit (November 2015); • clear declaration of the need for nuclear and innovation Wisconsin and Kentucky Legislatures repeal • of nuclear prohibition NY State PUC staff statement •
ANS Nuclear In the States Toolkit • DOE-NE Workshop – May 19 th • Save US Nuclear activities • Environmental Progress • Third Way • Breakthrough Institute • Clean Air Task Force • Others •
Policy icy options ons for States consid ideri ering ng the role of nuclear ear power in their r energy gy mix Policy pathways to support the current nuclear fleet • Goal is to prevent early plant retirements • Comprehensive overview of a wide range of policy and other • options Federal-level initiatives such as federal tax credits • Community-level options like public hearings • Policy tools • Market-based tools • State policymakers determine methods to best fit their goals • Policy • Environmental • Energy • Economic • Each State faces a different set of circumstances regarding • nuclear power
Increase crease Nuclea lear r Plant nt Reve venu nue/Revenu /Revenue e Certainty tainty • Power wer Cont ntracts racts • Low ow-Car arbo bon Portfolio olio Standard ndard • Carbo bon Tax • Nuc uclear lear Portfoli folio Standar ndard d • Clean ean Air Portfoli folio Standar ndard • Publ blic ic Hearings/Me rings/Meeting etings s • Cle lean an Power r Plan n Imple lementati mentation on • Indus ustry try Conso solidation lidation • Public/Go blic/Gove vernmen rnment t Ownershi ership p • Lower er Costs sts • Capa paci city ty Markets ts • Elect ctrici ricity ty Markets ts • Retur urn n to Economic nomic Regulation ulation • Others ers •
Outlook on New Construction
Five New Units Under Construction
High capital costs ($8-12 billion) Used fuel issues Availability of nuclear qualified components Availability of skilled personnel Lengthy licensing and construction schedule Cost and schedule performance Public concerns/misunderstandings Price/availability of natural gas
Advanced Nuclear Technologies Chal allenge enges Op Opportuni ortunitie ties Different Operations Highly Efficient and Industry Comfort? Technologies New Licensing New Instrumentation Strategies/Requirement and Control Strategies s? Modular Construction Inexperience with New Preapproved Sites Technologies? Dramatically Reducing Industry? Waste Production Regulator? Proliferation Resistant Workforce? Turning the Economy of New Markets Scale on it’s Head?
Generation I Generation IV Generation III+ Generation II Generation III Early Prototype Commercial Power Reactors Reactors Advanced LWRs Near-Term - Highly Deployment Economical - AP1000 - Enhanced - Shippingport - PBMR Safety - ABWR - Dresden - Minimal - SWR-1000 - System 80+ - LWR-PWR, BWR - Fermi I Waste - ABWR-II - AP600 - CANDU - Proliferation - Magnox Evolutionary - EPR Resistant - VVER/RBMK Improved Economics Gen I Gen II Gen III Gen III+ Gen IV 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 1. U.S. Department of Energy Gen-IV Roadmap Report
Many recent new and old ideas Small Modular Reactors Advanced Reactors Innovative Nuclear Concepts Innovative Development Constructs Innovative Nuclear Business Models
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are being developed for deployment around the world Offer enhanced passive safety features and promise lower construction and financing costs Domestic market focused on replacement of 600+ smaller, aging coal fired plants Export market focused on emerging economies with smaller grids
SMRs potential for changing social and energy supply paradigms is compelling Jobs US goods and services National Security and energy policy Climate change benefits NuScale Integral PWR Complement large reactor programs
KLT-40 Icebreaker Reactor Molten Salt Reactor Hyperion Reactor (35 Mwe floating nuclear power plant) Toshiba 4S (10 to 50 MWe) Sodium-cooled General Atomics MHR PBMR (165 MWe) 97
Primary side Natural circulation Integral pressurizer main steam line No Reactor Coolant Pumps pressurizer Secondary side Feedwater plenums Two helical steam generators with large surface area per volume helical coil steam generator to maximize thermal efficiency main feedwater Steam plenums line hot leg riser downcomer core primary coolant flow path
Reactor building houses reactor modules, fuel pool, and reactor pool reactor pool biological shield building refueling machine water crane reactor building spent fuel pool weir reactor vessel containment vessel flange tool NuScale Power flange tool Modules
Stable Long-Term Cooling Under all Conditions Reactor and nuclear fuel cooled indefinitely without pumps or power WATER ER COOLING BOILING AIR COOLING * Based on conservative calculations assuming all 12 modules in simultaneous upset conditions and reduced pool water inventory
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