Marketability and Beneficial Use of BioSolids City of Midland - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Exploring the Marketability and Beneficial Use of BioSolids

City of Midland Background

 City of Midland owns and operates

POTW and Landfill (compost facility)

 Residual management program –

Approved sub surface land app. Class B / Class A compost(Winter belt press)

 WWTP – (2) .5MG prim dig. (1) 1.0

MG sec. dig. /1MG bio holding /belt filter press

Bio-solid Recycling and Beneficial use

Bio-solids can be beneficial to soils and plants Improved soil physical properties are the results of the addition of organic matter and plant nutrients

What are Bio-solids

 Bio-solids are mostly

• rganic solids resulting

from the treatment of wastewater that has undergone treatment to kill pathogens and have been approved by EPA for land application as a fertilizer and soil supplement

Class A and Class B Bio-solids

 Bio-solids can be in several forms including

liquid, dried or pellet form or compost

 Any bio-solids used on land application

should be described by the degree of stabilization.

 Michigan recognizes 2 levels of sludge

stabilization; labeling as Class A and B bio- solids

 Liquid application to farm fields is the most

widely used application process in the U.S.

Regulations

 EPA 40 CFR 503 Regulations  Michigan Administrative Rule Part 24  All Bio-solids require pathogen reduction,

pollutant and nutrient analytical

 Facilities that land apply in Michigan are

permitted by MDEQ to recycle class A and B bio-solids

 Annual reports are required by MDEQ

Could we market bio- solids as a product?

 Could we sell? Should we sell?  How would we sell? Class A or B? Liquid or

dry? Liability?

 Could we market as a fertilizer? Soil

Amendment?

 Could we bid out to farmers? Landscape

Co.? Could we provide Service?

 Can we recover our cost of land

application? Could we maintain budget?

Midland WWTP Class A Bio-solid Recycling

 Midland’s class A EQ bio-solid is derived

from the liquid class B product but is further processed by dewatering and composting.

 In 2005 RMP modification approved by

MDEQ composting bio-solids and yard clippings, and distribution of such product as a soil amendment.

 2006 we researched the viability of this

product for use in the agricultural industry and future use in the landscaping industry.

Midland Composted Bio-solids Process

 Class A bio-solids are

produced by dewatering the digested solids then blending with wood chips and leaves and composted at city landfill.

 The composting

process takes approx. 16 weeks to accomplish during the summer months.

MCB Process

 The blended material

is windrowed to manage the biological process

 Windrows are turn by

the landfill staff on a routine basis to help aerate the process

 Temperatures of the

windrows are monitored to verify the biological process

MCB Process

 Upon achieving the

• ptimum temperature
• f 130 degrees

(approx. 10 weeks weather dependent) staff continues temperature monitoring and turning of the windrows

 After 2 weeks of

• ptimum temps the

windrows remain idle

MCB Process

 After composting staff

rough screens and sample the product to verify Class A EQ compost.

 The class A product

has been used in city flower bed, golf course and ground restoration projects.

 Staff performed a

demonstration project for amending agricultural soils.

Demonstration of Class A bio-solids

 Need to demonstrate viable product if

going to market

 Keep MDEQ involved with

demonstrations of bulk use

 Determine how to market, bulk or less

than bulk or bag

 Determine if rough screen product is

feasible to use as landscape soil amendment

Class A Compost in City Flower Beds

Agriculture Demonstration Plot 1

 20 acre soy bean

field: 2.2% Organic content of soil/CEC 3.9 pre application (sand)

 12 yd/ac MCB

applied and worked into soil on 10 acres

• f the field

 10 acres untreated

Demonstration Results Plot 1

 Yield increase of 5

bushel per acre on the 10 acres treated

 Improved organic

content up to 2.7%

 CEC increased

from 3.9 to 5.9

 Improved root

structure of crop

Commentary

Demonstration Results Plot 2

 10 acre corn field:

1.4% organic pre application (sand)

 40 yd/ac applied

and worked into soil

 pH 7.8  Nitrogen value of

compost equal agronomic needs

Demonstration Results Plot 2

 Yield: 200 bushel per

acre

 Organic content of soil

improved to 2.4%

 pH improved to 7.5%  CEC improved from

5.4 to 9.4

 MDEQ Bio-solid

division staff in corn field July 7, 2006

Commentary

 Kris Meyer farmer /land owner: The 10

acres in which we applied in the spring

• f 2006 had improved water retention

(reffering to the low volume of rain received) I expected reduced crop production as in years past with such little rain but the opposite has

• ccurred.

Why use a MCB Soil Amendment

 Long Term improvement of the

physical properties of the soil translates into $$$$$$$

 When improving the organic matter in

soil we improve: Nutrient retention, Water retention, Improved CEC, Permeability, Aeration and Microbial activity

Why Class A Bio-solids

 Marketable soil amendment product

which can be used by the general public with little or no requirements

 Less liability  Easier to handle and distribute  Easier to store  Improve water quality

Class A Bio-solids Reduced Regulations

Class A EQ bio-solids being used,sold

• r marketed in volume of less than 1

ton (approx 2 yards) have no regulation in regards to use Class A EQ bio-solids being used in bulk form of greater than 1ton can be permitted to require only record keeping of whom received such product and location where used

Product Marketability

 Market segments - landscapers

/agriculture

 Bag or bulk  Demand for the product / Competition  Appearance  Product/Application – soil amendment,

topdressing



Midland Bio-solid Compost (MBC) - 2007

 

Midland Bio-solid compost rich organic matter Midland Bio-solid Compost



enhances soil rooting media providing Characteristics



better water retention and increases the



ability of soil to hold nutrients. The organic Organic Matter 48%



and long lasting and break down usable pH 7.0



nitrogen over a 8 – 10 week period. C:N Ratio 14:1

 

Midland Bio-solid Compost is derived



from stabilized anaerobic digested sludge. Nutrients



The bio-solids are mixed with residential Total Nitrogen 2.0%



yard waste and wood chips and composted Total Phosphorus 1.7%



to create MBC. All MBC is tested and per EPA Total Potassium .30%



MDEQ guidelines are classified as exception



quality bio-solids. MBC also contains trace Micronutrients



amounts of micronutrients including iron, Copper .04%



zinc, copper, magnesium, molybdenum Zinc .05%



and manganese.



Direction: Avoid direct application in areas that flood, on wetlands or into surface water. Wash hands after use.



Lawns: On established lawns apply top dressing ¼” to ½” and rake into soil, new lawns apply ½” to 1” of MBC for every 4” of soil being conditioned.



Trees & Shrubs: For established shrubs scatter approx. 20 lbs. of MBC per 100’ sq’ uniformly over the soil and work into soil. For transplanting shrubs use

• approx. 2lbs. of MBC per foot of shrub height and mix with soil at the bottom of the hole when shrubs are transplanted. For transplanting container grown

trees use 3lbs. per foot or tree height and mix with loose soil at bottom of hole when trees are transplanted from containers.



Potting Soil: For potting soil use blend 20 to 50% MCB with soil or growing media and fill container with MBC blend to about 2” from the pot rim and pat down firmly. Form hole in MBC blend and place the root ball into soil at about the same depth as in the original container.



Agriculture use: For home garden use apply 30 lbs. of MBC per 100 sq.’ uniformly over the soil and work into soil. For large field crop use consult your local farm coop or compost distributor.

  

Analytical results are available upon request.



Manufactured by: City of Midland Utilities Department, 2125 Austin, Midland Mi. 48640

Cost for Class A

 Class A – approx $270 per dry ton to

produce

 Class B – approx $150 per dry ton  Class A does not include maint. cost.  Proposed upgrades – transportation,

conveyor system, fine screener, bag system, upgrade press?

Class B Bio-solids Recycling

 Some of the Class B site restrictions:

All application sites are permitted at least 10 days prior to application Health department and township

• fficials must be notified prior to application

Distance restrictions to wells and open stream waters Applied at agronomic rates Soil testing Crop restrictions

Michigan Land Application

 Typical utilization of

the class B liquid bio-solids product is accomplished through subsurface land application of agricultural fields

 Could also be

surfaced applied with proper permit approval

Class B Value Typical Application

 Crop : Corn  Average application

rates based on agronomic needs per acre

 160 lb Nitrogen  35 lb Phosphorous  70 lbs.Potassium  Current state wide

average of fertilizer cost per the MDA

 Nitrogen= $.50 /lb  Phosphorous=

$.40/lb

 Potassium= $.30/lb

Cost Savings

 Nitrogen:

160 lbs. = $ 80.00 Phosphorous: 35 lbs. = $14.00 Potassium: 70 lbs. = $ 21.00 Fertilizer value = $115 per acre

Cost to the City of Midland - 3.0 MG

2006 - 2007 land application cost: $ 96,200 MDEQ permit fee: $ 8,534 Recycling cost: $104,734 2001-2002 land application cost: $67,925 MDEQ permit fee 01-02: $3,855 Recycling cost: $71,780 Cost increase per year of approx. $6,581 per the last 5 years

Maintaining Cost

 Goal: Maintain

established bio-solid program and current budget cost for recycling class B bio- solids

 Proposal: Implement

an application fee to farmer receiving class B bio-solid subsurface application.

The Proposed Program for Class B Bio-solids

 The city of Midland WWTP generates

enough Class B bio-solids to treat approx. 300 acres per year

 Potential fertilizer value to a farmer for 300

acres = $34,500

 Program guarantee to adhere to EPA 503

rules and Mi. Part 24 rules and regulation in associated to bio-solids and the application site management

 Application would occur 3-4 times per year

(as is status)

The Proposed Program for Class B Bio-solids

 Bio-solids will be applied at agronomic rates  After each application the farmer would

invoiced and pay fee per acres applied

 Farmer selection year one of application

fees: Present new program to farmers currently utilizing the city of Midland Bio- solid program and request application fee

 Suggested starting fee of a minimum of $20

per acre starting 2009 spring haul out

 Require contract

So God made a Farmer!

* Do you know the farmers in your program? * Farmers for 3 or more generations! * They know the bang for the buck from bio- solid application! * Even for the hobby farmer - it’s a business! * Dollars and sense!

The Future of recycling Bio-solids

 Bio-solids are being produced and sold in

different region of the U.S.

 Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana and Virginia are a

few of the states that are producing and marketing different types of bio-solids products

 No facility in Michigan is marketing or

applying fees to such products

 To sustain a feasible recycling process we

the generators should view bio-solids as a valued product and not a waste product

Gas to Energy Bioreactor

 2009 City landfill required to install

methane collection system

 Power plant at WWTP and use

digester methane with landfill methane

 Gas pretreatment at landfill  Install hot water pipeline to WWTF use

for heat / install Thermal sludge drying create class A bio-solids

 $11,000,000

Project Re-design to Achieve Budget Goal

 Eliminate gas pretreatment  Eliminate Thermal sludge drying and

Class A bio-solids

 Develop bio-reactor using liquid bio-

solids

 Budget $8,500,000  Stimulus Funds used to finance

substantial portion off the project (Shovel ready)

Timeline

 2009 plans and gas collection system

and compressor facility construction

 2010 gas pipeline from LF to WWTP &

power plant construction

 2011 power plant start-up  2012 request for bio-reactor permit  2013 operating license issue and start-

up of bioreactor

Co-Disposal WWTP Sludge with MSW

(Reinhart, D.R. et al, 2003-2007, Florida Study)

 Possible solutions for odor issue

• Cover as soon as possible
• Collect gas earlier in the life of the landfill
• Use mulch as daily cover

 Possible solutions for slope stability issue

• Avoid disposal on or near side slopes
• Mix in well with other material or with landfill MSW
• Avoid spreading in thick layers

Co-Disposal WWTP Sludge with MSW

(Reinhart, D.R. et al, 2003-2007, Florida Study)

 Possible solutions for odor issue

• Cover as soon as possible
• Collect gas earlier in the life of the landfill
• Use mulch as daily cover

 Possible solutions for slope stability issue

• Avoid disposal on or near side slopes
• Mix in well with other material or with landfill MSW
• Avoid spreading in thick layers

Co-Disposal WWTP Sludge with MSW

(Reinhart, D.R. et al, 2003-2007, Florida Study)

 Possible solutions for odor issue

• Cover as soon as possible
• Collect gas earlier in the life of the landfill
• Use mulch as daily cover

 Possible solutions for slope stability issue

• Avoid disposal on or near side slopes
• Mix in well with other material or with landfill MSW
• Avoid spreading in thick layers

Active Gas Collection System

 Closed Area

• 10 vertical gas wells
• 6 lateral extraction trenches

 Active Area

• 19 vertical gas wells
• 3 lateral extraction trenches
• 2 extraction wells on leachate collection pipes
• 3 temporary trenches (using recirculation lines)

 Gas is sent to GTE Plant located at WWTP for

electricity generation and heat recovery

Beneficial Use ?

Proposed Bioreactor Project

 Demonstrate the benefit that liquid

sludge addition has on decomposition

 Develop operational guidelines for

sludge bioreactor landfills

 Develop operational guidelines for gas

and odor control in sludge bioreactors

 Evaluate the general effectiveness of

sludge bioreactor landfill approach

Approach

 Use non-dewatered sludge from the

WWTP digester to increase moisture level in MSW, add inoculation(microorganisms), add nutrients (phosphate)

 Surface application at active work face  Target application rate 10 to 25 gl.

sludge / ton MSW (1000 to 3000 gl/dy)

Goals

 Improve quantity and quality of LFG  Accelerate waste decomposition

increasing LFG generation rate

 Accelerate waste settlement  Airspace recovery  Improve leachate quality

Increase methane production

Co-Disposal WWTP Sludge with MSW

 Average MSW – 150 t/day  Sludge additive of approx 1 dry/ton per

week

 Appears to have advantages

associated with geotechnical properties of the MSW / sludge mixture, ease of operation and increase moisture content of the MSW

Bio-solids

A Valuable Resource