Many ways forward: Working with Indigenous communities to address - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Many ways forward: Working with Indigenous communities to address gambling harm Dr Marisa Fogarty Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR) Research School of Social Sciences College of Arts and Social Sciences Australian National University Marisa.Fogarty@anu.edu.au

Overview • Brief overview of work in NT Indigenous communities • Research findings – understandings of gambling problems • Working with Indigenous communities around Australia to address gambling harm 2

The context in which gambling occurs for Indigenous people in the NT Unregulated Regulated gambling commercial i.e. card games gambling -Extreme variances in remoteness and access to commercial gambling 3

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Community card games. 6

Number of games by days of the week (wet season) 30 25 20 Number of games 15 10 5 0 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Days of the week Jan 29 - Feb 2 Feb 5- Feb 9 Feb 12-Feb 16 Feb 19 - Feb 23 Feb 26-Mar 2 Mar 5 - Mar 9 Mar 12- Mar 16 Mar 19 - Mar 23 Mar 26 - 30 7

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Social Regulation 9

Social Game Type Expenditure Arrangement Single Immediate Family Very Low Kunt Game Within Language Double Low/Medium Group Kunt Game Between Kunt Game and Medium/High Language Groups Buta Game Between Double Buta High Language Groups Game 10

Darwin Casino 11

Problem gambling is characterised by difficulties in limiting money and/or time spent on gambling which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler, others, or for the community ( Neal, Delfabbro and O’Neil 2005 ) . 12

Problem gambling: different perspectives… as a person neglecting or rejecting social relationships and obligations as a result of gambling (Fogarty 2013). Marisa Fogarty, 2013, From card games to poker machines: Gambling in remote Aboriginal communities in the NT, Phd Thesis, Charles Darwin University 13

• The excerpt below sums up the plethora of existing work on Indigenous health and mental health expressing holistic worldviews… Social and emotional wellbeing is often defined as ‘not just the physical wellbeing of the individual, but the social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of the whole community’ (NAHSWP, 1989). It reflects belief systems that are based on complex social relationships between people, land and all living creatures and the interconnectedness of relationships between spiritual, emotional, ideological, political, social, economic, mental, cultural and physical factors on health outcomes for individuals, communities and populations (AUSEINET, 2008, p. 22). 14

Dr Matt Stevens Preliminary results from the 2015 Gambling Prevalence and Wellbeing Survey

Types of harms experience from own gambling % 18 Non-Indigenous Indigenous 15 12 18.2 9 16.0 15.3 6 8.8 3 4.6 4.6 2.7 0.2 0.2 1.5 0 Felt stress, anxiety or Kids did not attend Debt collectors Borrowed money from Ran out of money for depression school repossessed goods family or friends food p=0.03 p=0.013 p<0.001 p=0.026 p<0.001

Harms experienced because of someone else’s gambling % 12 Non-Indigenous Indigenous 10 8 6 12.2 10.8 9.8 4 6.7 1.2 2 3.6 2.9 2.6 2.5 0.3 0.1 1.8 0 Stress, anxiety, Kids missed out on Family relations Debt collectors Borrowed money Ran out of money for depression something problems repossessed goods from someone bills p=0.015 p=0.001 p=0.002 p<0.001 p=0.018 p=0.015

Health Promotion Framework: A landmark commitment in 1986 by the World Health Organization produced the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (WHO 1986). The five principles for action of the Ottawa Charter are: • Building healthy public policy • Creating supportive environments • Strengthening community action • Helping people develop skills • Reorienting health services 18

Talk about 3 aspects of a health promotion approach: -Developing skills -Reorienting services -creating supportive environments 19

What does developing skills look like? -Education and awareness -In particular, developing resources for community health and education services, community organisations and institutions to educate and develop skills in understanding and addressing gambling issues. - Developing guidelines for ‘best practice’ in service delivery to address gambling and the impacts on Indigenous families and communities in culturally appropriate ways. -Developing resources within communities, for communities, to address gambling issues (i.e. community guidelines for ‘safe’ gambling ) -Having a multi-level, multi-service approach working simultaneously at individual, family, community levels. 20

Holistic development of skills Holistic development of skills Incorporation of Strengths based Indigenous Identifying approach knowledge and different skill sets understandings Individual Family Community 21

Create supportive environments • Creating safe, supportive, appropriate gambling help services – this looks very different in different states around Australia (what constitutes ‘best practice’ in Australia?) • Cultural competency of services, cultural safety • Looking at a community, town, or city as a ‘whole’ environment with multiple resources available to address gambling (for example, the schools, health clinics, early childhood centres, women's centres, police services, child protection services, councils, local business). 22

Reorienting services • A significant amount of expertise and resources already exist – so its about engaging and educating those people outside of gambling services in the broader ‘community environment’. • Counselling services, gambling help-lines, financial counselling, parenting programs, youth diversionary programs, school programs, community councils and boards, family, presented to people as an accessible package – creates supportive environments • Then, self-sustaining supportive environments addressing gambling issues are born. 23

Thank you 24