Malnutrition Considered the gravest single threat to global - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Malnutrition ● Considered “ the gravest single threat to global public health.” ● Solved in the developed world ● Simply a lack of food http://s2.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20110204&t=2&i=327728616&w=&fh=545px&fw=&ll=&pl=&sq=&r=2011-02-04T145214Z_01_AJOE71315B400_RTROPTP_0_OZABS-MALAWI-MAIZE-20110204

https://www.wfp.org/content/hunger-map-2014

Malnutrition in Tanzania 11 times the population of Manhattan http://www.twaweza.org/uploads/files/Fighting%20Malnutrition%20English(1).PDF http://aggievillearchives.com/images/slides/10770.jpg

Improved Agricultural Technology in Tanzania By: Caroline Deats, Alec Linot, and Lars Peterson

Current Practices ● Local Impact ● International Impact Seed Solution Mechanized Solution ● Pest and Disease ● Basics of Agriculture ● Technical Description ● Heat and Drought ● Attachments ● Suggestions ● Outcome ● Outcome Proposed Methods ● Local Impact ● International Impact

Maize Distribution ● High deficit in Northwest ● High surplus in Southwest ● Relatively stable in Center http://www.our-africa.org/tanzania/climate-agriculture

Current Local Impact ● > 50% farmers ● 3% National GDP

What the GDP Looks Like http://flowcharts.engg.ksu.edu/blankflow.php?curric=CHE&flow=4

Current International Impact http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=339&lang=en&country=215

Solutions https://www.healthwaysfit.com/article/are-genetically-modified-foods-safe https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/2011_Dec_Bangladesh_014.JPG

GM Maize

GM Maize Overview • Pests and Diseases • Heat and Drought • Suggestions • Outcome http://www.maizegdb.org/

Genetic Modifications ● Genes removed from another organism ● Implanted into maize ● Plants grown and selected http://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=957879329&topicorder=6&maxto=9&minto=0

Environmental Factors Pests and Diseases Drought and Heat http://rachel.worldpossible.org/modules/infonet/export/res/files/2320.280x185.clip.jpeg http://farmbiz.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Droogte-drought-maize-mielie.jpg

Pests and Diseases ● 40% of all crops lost ● Over 100 pests and diseases ● Will examine Stalk Borers and Maize Streak Virus

Pests and Diseases Modifications ● Single gene changed ● Bt gene ● MSV resistant gene http://www.scq.ubc.ca/wp-content/GMcrop.gif

Drought and Heat ● Biggest problem ● Expected to worsen ● Can be solved through genetic modification

Drought and Heat Modifications ● Multiple genes changed ● Drought resistant genes and overexpression ● Kernel setting genes ● NPK1 gene http://thedailymail.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Tego.jpg

Suggestions Bt maize Custom GM maize ● Bt resistance 10% yield ● Drought & heat resistance increase 25% yield increase ● Proven to work ● MSV resistance 15.8% yield ● Short term solution increase ● Long term solution

Local Impact of Bt Maize

Impact of Bt Maize on GDP

Two-Wheel Tractors

Two-Wheel Tractors Overview • Basics of Agriculture • Technical Description of Two- Wheel Tractors • Attachments • Benefits of Two-Wheel Tractors http://aciarblog.blogspot.com/2013/07/giving-power-to-african-farmers.html

Basics of Agriculture • Seedbed Preparation • Planting • Harvesting https://www.oneacrefund.org/blogs/information/post/turning-challenge-into-opportunity-market-access-in-tanzania/811

Technical Description • Engine (5-18 hp) • Flywheel belt • Drive Tires • Power Take-off Shaft (PTO) http://www.dftractor.com/2b-DF-15L-walking-tractor-1.html

Attachments Moldboard Plows Grain Drills Reapers http://beforeitsnews.com/self-sufficiency/2014/05/a-2-wheel-tractor-a-thank-you-2474656.html Made in Bangladesh: Scale-appropriate machinery for agricultural resource conservation http://www.jxkaier.com/4G120AMini-rice-and-wheat-harvester-reaper-swather-138.html

Two-Wheel Tractors Save Time time requirements of various means of ploughing. http://www.agriculturesnetwork.org/resources/learning/mod5-online/learning-block-1/1.2/1.2.2

Two-Wheel Tractors Increase Yields Farm Power Grain Yield Irrigated Region (kW/ha) (kg/ha) Area (%) Punjab 3.5 4030 84 Haryana 2.3 3090 84 Uttar Pradesh 1.8 2110 73 Andhra Pradesh 1.6 2000 41 http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3259e/i3259e.pdf

Local Impact of Two Wheel Tractors

Impact of Two Wheel Tractor on GDP

Would these changes be worthwhile?

Local Impact of Bt Seed & Two Wheel Tractors

International Impact of Bt Seed & Two Wheel Tractors

Questions?