LED Parking Garages & Controls
Course Disclaimer • This is not an IES endorsed course nor have they reviewed or approved the material being presented. • This course intended to help individuals understand RP-20-14 and gain a better understanding how its recommendations impact lighting design in the outdoor environment. • Every attempt has been made to accurately represent the information within RP-20-14 • Local building and energy codes take precedent with lighting designs and specifications. • The goal of the RP is to help users make informed decision about light source technology and equipment – in an effort to achieve the minimum recommended light levels.
Related Publications • IES RP-17-87 - Airport Road and Automobile Parking Area Lighting • Traffic Engineering Handbook - Institute of Transportation Engineers (1992) • Followed RP-20-84) • Guidelines for Parking Facility Location & Design - Urban Land Institute (2000) • IES RP-33-14 - Lighting for Exterior Environments • Provides recommendations for lighting for outdoor areas other than parking lots and roadways • IES/IDA MLO-2011 (Model Lighting Ordinance) • IES G-1-03 – Guideline for Security Lighting for People, Property and Public Spaces • IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition • Includes many sub areas of parking facilities which previously had not been addressed • IES DG-10-12 - Choosing Light Sources for General Lighting • ANSI/IES RP-16-10 – Nomenclature & Definitions • IES TM-15-07, TM-15-11(A) - Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires • LM-64-01 – Guide for the Photometric Measurement of Parking Areas, for vehicle-free pavement
RP-20-14: Purpose and Scope • To provide general recommendations for the design of fixed lighting for parking facilities • Deals entirely with lighting, does not give advise on construction • Provides recommended practices for new lighting systems • Not intended to be applied to existing lighting systems, until they are redesigned • Represents “current good practice” • Includes interior and exterior lighting practices for “reasonably safe” movement of vehicular and pedestrian traffic in parking facilities • Enhancing personal safety and security • Deterring vandalism and theft • Optimizing energy use • Minimizing maintenance
RP-20-14: Purpose and Scope • Guidelines exclude recommendations for: • Public roads (RP-8-14, Roadway Lighting) • Environmental Issues (RP-33-14, Exterior Environments) • Security Lighting (G-1-03, Security Lighting for People, Property & Public Spaces) • Also excluded: • Computer-controlled, automated vehicle parking facilities • Curb parking along streets • Single family residential parking pads and garages • Garages for vehicle repair or new car storage • Rest area parking (IESNA G-1-03) • Outdoor pedestrian walkways that are separate from parking areas (ANSI/IES RP-8-14)
LED & Controls | Parking Garage IESNA REQUIREMENTS: RP-20-14
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE IESNA REQUIREMENTS: RP-20-14
1960 RP-20-84 RP-20-98 RP-20-14 Light Levels from the 1960s through RP-20-98 Luminance Based Standards Illuminance Based Standards Focus on Average Focus on Minimum Vertical Footcandle Values Specified Basic Values (footcandles) 0.25 to 1.0 Ave. 0.2 to 1.0 Ave. 0.2 Min More Granular Enhanced Values Double Values Double Values in 0.5 Min. Specification (footcandles) in Entrance/Exit Entrance/Exit Parking Lots Including Pre and Post Ave. to Min. Uniformity 4:1 4:1 Curfew Values 20:1 basic Max. to Min. Uniformity 15:1 enhanced Basic Values (footcandles) 1.0 More Granular Specification Enhanced Values Including Parking Garages (footcandles) Occupied and Unoccupied Ave. to Min. Uniformity Values Max. to Min. Uniformity 10:1
RP-20-14 – New Considerations • Age-based recommendations are also discussed • RP-8-14 – Section 4.10, IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition, Chapter 4, Section 4.12.2 Basis • Lighting zones (LZ) are discussed for the first time • Indicates lower light levels in the parking facility when the LZ has less dependence on fixed lighting • However setting minimum levels based on LZ1 and increasing levels for higher LZs (2, 3 and 4) could not be supported. Lighting Zones Corresponds with IES RP-33 definitions LZ0: No ambient lighting LZ1: Low ambient lighting LZ2: Moderate ambient lighting LZ3: Moderately high ambient lighting LZ4: High ambient lighting
RP-20-14 – New Considerations • Increased emphasis on energy conservation and light tress pass since RP-20-98 • IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition Includes many sub areas of parking facilities which previously had not been addressed: • Payment transaction areas, passenger drop-off areas, corners and turning areas • Many new recommendations for vertical illuminance in parking garages • This new update recognizes differences in reflectance between concrete (R1) and asphalt (R3) surfaces. • Led to a visibility-based system of recommended lighting levels • Calculations based on reflectance and contrast between important surfaces (pavement vs. wheel stops and curbs) has caused illuminance recommendations to be higher in some conditions) Paved Surfaces R1 = portland-cement concrete R2 = asphalt, aggregate consists of minimum 60% gravel passing 3/8-in. sieve R3 = asphalt, rough texture (typical highway) R4 = asphalt, smooth texture
LED & Controls | Parking Garage 24/7/365 ‣ MAY REPRESENT THE GREATEST FACILTIES TANGIBLE OPPORTUNITY FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND RETROFIT TODAY • MASS TRANSIT ‣ REQUIRE SPECIALIZED LIGHTING • CITY CENTERS EQUIPMENT TO DELIVER TASK-SPECIFIC • SHOPPING CENTERS LIGHT LEVELS AT REDUCED MOUNTING • HIGHER EDUCATION HEIGHTS • FEDERAL ‣ • HIGH-ACTIVITY 24/7/365 FACILITIES WITH INSTITUTIONS • HIGH ENERGY USAGE AND FREQUENT AIRPORTS LAMP AND BALLAST SERVICE • DESTINATIONS • CORPORATE CAMPUS ‣ LOW HANGING FRUIT
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE Original HID System: • WHAT DOES IT COST ‣ OPERATING HOURS: 24 TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE? ‣ HID WATTAGE: 175W ‣ 5 FLOOR FACILITY ‣ 130 FIXTURES / FLOOR 5 4 ‣ 650 TOTAL FIXTURES 3 2 Level 1
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE LED ALTERNATE: • WHAT DOES IT COST TO RETROFIT A ‣ 24H X 210W X 130 X 5 = 3276KWh PARKING GARAGE? ‣ 3276KWh @ $0.08KWh* = $262.08 / Day ‣ $262.08 x 365 = $95,659.20 / Year 5 4 3 2 Level 1
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE LED ALTERNATE: • WHAT DOES IT COST ‣ OPERATING HOURS: 24 TO RETROFIT A PARKING GARAGE? ‣ LED WATTAGE: 30W* ‣ 5 FLOOR FACILITY ‣ 130 FIXTURES / FLOOR 5 4 ‣ 650 TOTAL FIXTURES 3 2 *30W fixture is a commercially available product selected to maximize the potential savings available for this calculation while Level 1 meeting RP-8 recommended illumination values (>1fc min, better than 10:1 Max-to-Min)
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE LED ALTERNATE: • WHAT DOES IT COST TO RETROFIT A ‣ 24H X 30W * X 130 X 5 = 468KWh PARKING GARAGE? ‣ 468KWh @ $0.08KWh* = $37.44 / Day ‣ $37.44 x 365 = $13,665.60 / Year 5 4 3 2 • Average commercial energy rate in NC = 0.082/KWh Level 1
LED & Controls | Parking Garage Total Cost of Ownership: HID LED Annual Energy Cost $95,659.20 $13,665.60
LED & Controls | Parking Garage Maintenance Comparison: HID (MTBF) LED (L70) Rated Lamp Hours 10,000 70,000 Yrs. of Op. @ 24H / Day 1.14 8 Lamps used in 8 Years 7 8 Lamp Cost $25 $250 Labor (Fully Burdened $) $25 $25
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE HID Maintenance Cost: • WHAT DOES IT COST TO RETROFIT A ‣ 650 Fixtures PARKING GARAGE? ‣ Replacement Lamp Cost: $50 (Labor & Material) ‣ Cost of 650 Fixtures: $32,500 (every 1.14 Years) ‣ In 8 Years: $228,070.18 5 ‣ Average Annual Maintenance Cost: $28,508.77 4 3 2 Level 1
LED & Controls | Parking Garage Total Cost of Ownership: HID LED Annual Energy Cost $95,659.20 $13,665.60 Maint. Cost (Avg. Annual) $28,508.77 $0 Total $124,167.79 $13,665.60 Average Annual Savings: $110,003.26
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE Payback Analysis: • WHAT DOES IT COST TO RETROFIT A ‣ 650 Fixtures @ $250: $162,500 PARKING GARAGE? ‣ Installation: $50,000 (~$77/ea) ‣ Total Initial Cost: $212,500 ‣ Assuming An Average Annual Savings: $110,003.26: ‣ 1.93 Year R.O.I. 5 4 3 2 Level 1
LED & Controls | Parking Garage EXAMPLE ‣ Assuming An Average Annual Savings: $110,003.26: • WHAT DOES IT COST TO RETROFIT A ‣ Cumulative Cash (At 8 Years) PARKING GARAGE? ‣ Total Annual Savings: $888,026.09 ‣ Less Initial Cost: -$212,500.00 ‣ Cumulative Cash: $675,526.09 5 4 3 2 Level 1
LED SPECIFICATION & DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS WORKSHOP Parking Structures & Controls BEACON PRODUCTS
PARKING STRUCTURE EXAMPLE & CONTROLS ‣ Baseline Energy Usage Zone Reduction TOTAL ENERGY USUAGE Daylight Sensor Occupant Sensor Fixtures Energy Usage (100% reduction) (50% reduction) HR / HR / HR / # WATTAGE KWh KWh KWh KWh DAY DAY DAY R 0 0 0 0 14 30 24 10.08 10.08 C 0 0 0 0 74 30 24 53.28 53.28 P 42 30 24 30.24 0 0 0 0 30.24 93.6
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