LBNE L ong B aseline N eutrino E xperiment Sam Zeller LANL NDM09, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LBNE L ong B aseline N eutrino E xperiment Sam Zeller LANL NDM09, Madison September 4, 2009 • looking beyond T2K and NOvA • efforts to expand U.S.-based ν program to longer baselines (~1000 km) • proposal to send intense beam of ν ’s from FNAL → DUSEL (Homestake) 1 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

What We Know • have known that ν ’s oscillate and have mass for >10 years • have made great progress − 2 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

What We Know • have known that ν ’s oscillate and have mass for >10 years • have made great progress solar ν + KAMLAND − sin 2 2 θ 12 = 0.87 ± 0.03 Δ m 2 21 = (7.6 ± 0.2) x10 -5 eV 2 3 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

What We Know • have known that ν ’s oscillate and have mass for >10 years • have made great progress atmospheric ν & long baseline solar ν + KAMLAND ν µ disappearance − sin 2 2 θ 12 = 0.87 ± 0.03 sin 2 2 θ 23 > 0.92 Δ m 2 21 = (7.6 ± 0.2) x10 -5 eV 2 Δ m 2 32 = (2.43 ± 0.13) x10 -3 eV 2 4 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

What We Know • have known that ν ’s oscillate and have mass for >10 years • have made great progress atmospheric ν reactor & long baseline solar ν + KAMLAND ν µ disappearance − sin 2 2 θ 12 = 0.87 ± 0.03 sin 2 2 θ 23 > 0.92 Δ m 2 21 = (7.6 ± 0.2) x10 -5 eV 2 Δ m 2 32 = (2.43 ± 0.13) x10 -3 eV 2 sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.19 (90% CL) 5 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

What We Know • have known that ν ’s oscillate and have mass for >10 years • have made great progress long baseline ν e appearance atmospheric ν reactor & long baseline solar ν + KAMLAND ν µ disappearance − sin 2 2 θ 12 = 0.87 ± 0.03 sin 2 2 θ 23 > 0.92 Δ m 2 21 = (7.6 ± 0.2) x10 -5 eV 2 Δ m 2 32 = (2.43 ± 0.13) x10 -3 eV 2 sin 2 2 θ 13 < 0.19 (90% CL) δ CP = ?? 6 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

What We Know • have known that ν ’s oscillate and have mass for >10 years • have made great progress long baseline ν e appearance atmospheric ν reactor & long baseline solar ν + KAMLAND ν µ disappearance − • three remaining parameters: - θ 13 - ν mass hierarchy - CP violating phase, δ CP 7 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

Phase I • reactor experiments ( ν e disappearance) (R. McKeown’s talk) Double CHOOZ Daya Bay (M. Worcester’s talk) (B. Viren’s talk) will probe sin 2 2 θ 13 ~ 0.01 • long baseline accelerator-based ν experiments ( ν e appearance) (J. Paley’s talk) at least a factor of 10 over present CHOOZ limit! T2K (295 km, 2.5 0 OA) NOvA (810 km, 0.9 0 OA) 8 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

Phase II • an extensive and even more ambitious program is required to study ν oscillations beyond present program • if θ 13 is large enough, hope to expand this program … - give more precise information on θ 13 - determine ν mass hierarchy - explore CP violation! already starting to think about this now & how phase II experiments might tackle 9 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

How? • study of ν µ → ν e and ν µ → ν e oscillations over even longer baselines (sub-dominant is preferred channel) • allows meas of θ 13 and δ CP • can also determine ν mass hierarchy from matter effects 10 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

In Practise, This is Complex P( ν µ → ν e ) total P( ν µ → ν e ) in matter - sin 2 2 θ 13 = 0.04 - L = 1200 km • rich structure depending on the ν mass hierarchy and δ CP • requires information from both 1 st & 2 nd oscillation maxima to resolve these ambiguities (S. Parke) (spectral information and ν ) 11 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

Why Longer Baselines? P( ν µ → ν e ) • with increasing L: - 1 st and 2 nd oscillation maxima at higher energy (more favorable region, larger stats, away from larger nuclear effects) - larger matter effects (increasing the potential for the determination of ν mass hierarchy 12 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

Phase II Experiments (1) longer baselines (~1000 km) (2) have access to both 1 st & 2 nd osc max (to remove degeneracies) → significant reach beyond present generation of LBL ν exps LBNE T2KK (1300 km) (295 km, 1050 km) (1300 km) θ 13 mass hierarchy CP violation 2 MW proton beam (Project-X upgrade) • NBB • WBB • study 1 st and 2 nd osc max separately • study both 1 st and 2 nd osc with • 2 detectors at 2 different OA locations single detector at a fixed baseline (2.5 0 OA @ 295 km, 1 0 OA @ 1050 km) 13 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

Phase II Experiments (1) longer baselines (~1000 km) (2) have access to both 1 st & 2 nd osc max (to remove degeneracies) → significant reach beyond present generation of LBL ν exps LBNE T2KK (1300 km) (295 km, 1050 km) will focus on (1300 km) U.S.-based program 2 MW proton beam (LBNE) (Project-X upgrade) in this talk • NBB • WBB • study 1 st and 2 nd osc max separately • study both 1 st and 2 nd osc with • 2 detectors at 2 different OA locations single detector at a fixed baseline (2.5 0 OA @ 295 km, 1 0 OA @ 1050 km) 14 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Homestake mine FNAL in Lead, SD • idea is to send intense ν , ν beams from Fermilab 1300 km 1300 km • long baseline (1300 km) • very massive detectors (100’s kton) in a deep underground laboratory - water Cerenkov - liquid Argon TPC new beam → long baseline → large detectors → big project → potential big payoff ! 15 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science • there is a lot you can do with super-sensitive large detectors under thousands of feet of rock! 16 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science (M. Dierckxsens, 2008) • θ 13 • ν mass hierarchy • CP phase δ mass θ 13 hierarchy CP violation significant reach in physics sensitivity assuming beyond the present generation of 300 kton H 2 O, 120 GeV LB ν oscillation experiments ν + ν 17 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science (M. Dierckxsens, 2008) • θ 13 • ν mass hierarchy • CP phase δ mass θ 13 hierarchy CP • can establish finite θ 13 at 3 σ violation if sin 2 2 θ 13 > 0.005 (all δ CP ) assuming ~ 300 kton H 2 O, • measure mass hierarchy 120 GeV ν + ν and δ CP if sin 2 2 θ 13 > 0.01 18 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science • θ 13 • ν mass hierarchy (E. Kearns) • CP phase δ 1300 km • proton decay • current limit τ 1/2 > 8.2 x 10 33 yrs (Super-K I+II) v • H 2 O C most sensitive to this decay mode • with a large detector can push limits to 10 35 yr 19 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science • θ 13 • ν mass hierarchy (E. Kearns) • CP phase δ 1300 km • proton decay v • K + is below C threshold • here, lAr does better 20 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science • θ 13 • ν mass hierarchy • CP phase δ 1300 km • proton decay • supernova ν ’s highly complementary - H 2 O: ν e - lAr: ν e (enhanced by osc) 21 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science • θ 13 • ν mass hierarchy • CP phase δ 1300 km • proton decay • supernova ν ’s • solar ν detection (pp flux) 22 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

LBNE Science • θ 13 • ν mass hierarchy • need large detector for LBL osc physics • CP phase δ 1300 km • proton decay • if at same time, also in low background environment, then these additional • supernova ν ’s physics capabilities come “for free” • solar ν detection (pp flux) physics potential of a very large underground detector is extremely rich! 23 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

Launched with P5 • both NSF and DOE sponsoring our efforts 24 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09

Big Project Requires Coordination DOE working project offices together have been established oversee effort for DUSEL design & construction formal within NSF science collab MREFC has been formed (self-organized) 25 Sam Zeller, NDM09, 09/04/09