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J.R. C LIFFORD : A N A MERICAN H ERO This program is supported by a - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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J.R. C LIFFORD : A N A MERICAN H ERO This program is supported by a grant from the and the Appalachian Community Fund J OHN R OBERT J.R. C LIFFORD 1848-1933 A W EST V IRGINIA H ERO AN A MERICAN H ERO J. R. Clifford was born in 1848,

  1. J.R. C LIFFORD : A N A MERICAN H ERO This program is supported by a grant from the and the Appalachian Community Fund

  2. J OHN R OBERT “J.R.” C LIFFORD 1848-1933 A W EST V IRGINIA H ERO – AN A MERICAN H ERO

  3. J. R. Clifford was born in 1848, in Williamsport, Hardy County, VA, to “Free Blacks” Isaac and Septima Clifford

  4. W HO WAS J.R. C LIFFORD ?

  5. C IVIL W AR V ETERAN • Enlisted in 1863 • Age 15 • Union Army

  6. S TORER C OLLEGE G RADUATE • Teaching college • Graduated 1874

  7. P UBLIC S CHOOL T EACHER AND P RINCIPAL • Sumner School • 1875-1885 • Martinsburg, WV

  8. N EWSPAPER W RITER , E DITOR , AND P UBLISHER • The Pioneer Press • Started in 1882 • Ran for 35 years

  9. S AMPLES FROM T HE P IONEER P RESS Printed in 1911

  10. W EST V IRGINIA ’ S F IRST A FRICAN A MERICAN A TTORNEY • 1887 passed bar exam • Worked for social justice • Advocated for African Americans

  11. C IVIL R IGHTS A CTIVIST AND N IAGARA M OVEMENT F OUNDER • Movement formed in 1905 • Co-founded with W.E.B. DuBois

  12. 1906 N IAGARA M OVEMENT M EETING IN H ARPERS F ERRY

  13. J.R. C LIFFORD AND W.E.B. D U B OIS

  14. B URIED AT A RLINGTON N ATIONAL C EMETERY IN W ASHINGTON , DC Mary Franklin J.R. Clifford

  15. J.R. C LIFFORD WAS … • College Graduate • Soldier • Teacher • Principal • Editor • Writer • Movement Founder • Publisher • Attorney And in doing all of these things he was an ACTIVIST

  16. C ARRIE W ILLIAMS VS . T UCKER C OUNTY B OARD OF E DUCATION 1898

  17. J.R. C LIFFORD ’ S M OST F AMOUS C ASE • Came from the Blackwater Canyon region of Tucker County • Decided by the West Virginia Supreme Court

  18. Area developed for coal mining right after Civil War COKETON Tucker County, West Virginia

  19. There were thousands of coke ovens at the head of the Blackwater Canyon in Coketon

  20. Many people came to Coketon to work in mines and sawmills, including hundreds of African Americans

  21. West Virginia’s 1872 Constitution required segregated schools, which did not change until Brown v. Board of Education was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954

  22. Colored school term cut by county; Carrie Williams continued to teach anyway

  23. C ARRIE W ILLIAMS S UED • Entitled to pay for the extra months worked, Carrie Williams sued • J.R. Clifford represented Carrie Williams

  24. L ET ’ S HEAR AN EXCERPT FROM THE TRIAL :

  26. A BRAHAM L INCOLN

  27. F REDERICK D OUGLASS

  28. H ARRIET T UBMAN

  29. F OURTEENTH A MENDMENT U.S. C ONSTITUTION “ All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws .”

  30. “Jim Crow” Laws

  31. S EGREGATED S CHOOL

  32. W.E.B. D U B OIS

  33. C ARTER G. W OODSON

  34. M EMPHIS T ENNESSEE G ARRISON

  35. A. P HILIP R ANDOLPH

  36. 1906 N IAGARA M OVEMENT

  37. W OMEN OF THE N IAGARA M OVEMENT

  38. T HURGOOD M ARSHALL

  39. R OSA P ARKS

  40. D R . M ARTIN L UTHER K ING , J R .

  41. P RESIDENT B ARACK O BAMA Civil Rights Progress in America

  42. J.R. C LIFFORD P OSTAGE S TAMP 2009

  43. Q UESTIONS  Why are our lives different because of what happened in this case, and in J.R. Clifford’s time?  What can we learn today from this case?  Why did the jury and Supreme Court find in favor of Carrie Williams?

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