IRON ON ARCHITECTURE LID-MT Irene López Barbeito Tomás Rodríguez Rivero Jorge Sanz Bermejo María Bertrán de Lis Leticia González García Diego Jiménez Sainz
Industrial Revolution, XVIII
Cast iron Wrought iron Steel1790 – 1850: fire / useful area
Bibliothèque Sainte Geneviève , Paris (1861)
(1854)
HENRI LABROUSTE AND SANTA GENEVEVA LIBRARY
MAIN CARACHTERISTICS OF IRON ARCHITECTURE - Slenderness - Diaphanous Spaces - Great Sections - Light Treatment - Transparence architecture - Prefab solutions - New styles and material possibilities - Conversation of architectural style (Relation with our practice philosophy)
SANTA GENEVEVA LIBRARY - HENRI LABROUSTE 1843 PARIS
UNIVERSAL EXHIBITIONS - Overcoming the political and revolutionary rejection - National policy exaltacion - New techniques and materials exhibition - Commercialization and industrialization - Industrial palace - Monumentality - Universal exhibitions: Londres París
CRYSTAL PALACE JOSEPH PAXTON LONDRES 1851 - First Universal Exhibition, precedent - Location: Hyde Park - Modular, detachable, fast assembly - Clearness y brightness - Great surface, 70.000 m2. Light structure - Big aflux: 6 million of visitors
EIFFEL TOWER GUSTAVE EIFFEL PARÍS 1889 - Universal exhibition, commemorated The French Revolution centenary - Location: Champs de Mars - Widely criticized - Articulated structure - Monumentality: 325m - Huge inlux: 32,4 million of visitors
GALERY OF MACHINES DUTERT Y CONTAMIN PARÍS 1889 - Universal exhibition, commemorated The French Revolution centenary - Location: Champs de Mars - New structure: trusses. - Fully open space - Monumental building: 5 hectares
IRON ARCHITECTURE IN SPAIN Atocha station, Alberto de Palacio 1888 Aranjuez Madrid Convento de Botanical Puerta de Observatorio Atocha garden Atocha astronómico
Glorieta del Emperador Carlos V Santa María de la • Cabeza Delicias • Ronda de • Valencia Paseo del Prado • Atocha • Mendez Álvaro • Infanta María • Cristina
First building
Final project Previous approach by Gerardo • de la Puente 152m lenght • 27m high • 10 trusses, 48m long •
Current situation – Rafael Moneo
Palacio de Cristal, Velázquez Bosco 1887 Parque del Retiro Inspiration: London Crystal Palace (Paxton)
Metallic structure • Glass façade • 22,6m high • 28m width • 54m lengh • Lateral volumes: 11,6m high • It took 5 months to be built •
Current situation – has not changed
CHICAGO SCHOOL
CHICAGO SCHOOL - In 1871 the city of Chicago burns down. - Reconstruction of the city. - Office buildings and big warehouses. - Skycrapers: vertical construction. - Rise in the price of the ground - Invention of the electric lift. - Steel structure covered with fireproof materials.
Marshall Field´s Richardson WareHouses 1890 - Romanesque style. - Facade of stone as main element of construction. - Firm bossage. - No ornamentation. - Distinct horizontal lines.
Wainwright Sullivan 1892 - Built up in Missouri, USA - Tripartite composition based on the structure of classical column. - Noticeable ornamentation. - Main materials: red brick and terracotta.
CONCLUSIONS - Opens new paths that extend in the S. XX. - No current architecture is unthinkable without steel. - Important technical and industrial developments. - New architectural typologies.
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