Introduction to Object Oriented Design Dumitru Radoiu Dumitru - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to Object ‐ Oriented Design Dumitru Radoiu Dumitru Radoiu Spring 2009 PETRU MAIOR UNIVERSITY

Agenda • • The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) The Characteristics of Object ‐ Oriented Design (OOD) • The Use of Classes in OOD • The use of Inheritance in OOD • The Use of Polymorphism in OOD • Creating a Class Diagram: Case Study

Software development activities Customer time Design Implementation Analysis = attempt to = model the = implement understand behavior the model Exclusions Deliverables Baseline Baseline Implementation Implementation Needs Needs Requirements Requirements Specifications

Procedural approach = multiple procedures modify global data time Design Implementation Analysis = attempt to = model the = implement understand behavior the model Edit Data Load Data Deliverables Needs Needs Requirements Requirements P i t D t Print Data Save Data View Data Everything is exposed; Everything is exposed; updating business rules does not update the entire application.

Object-Oriented approach: objects talk to other objects to complete a task time Design Implementation Analysis = attempt to = model the = implement understand behavior the model Deliverables Data Needs Needs Requirements Requirements Functionality Functionalities are Functionalities are encapsulated; only some are exposed (Interfaces)

Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) time Design Implementation OO Analysis = what abstract = model the = implement entities/objects are behavior the model required to future system? Deliverables Data Needs Needs Requirements Requirements Functionality Functionalities are Functionalities are encapsulated; only some are exposed (Interfaces) Object

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) time OO Design Implementation OO Analysis = what abstract = model the = implement entities/objects are behavior for the model required to future the system to system? exist Deliverables Data Needs Needs Requirements Requirements Functionality Object

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) time OO Design OO Programming OO Analysis = what abstract = model the = implement the model in an entities/objects are behavior for Object Oriented Language required to future the system to (OOL) system? exist Deliverables Data Needs Needs Requirements Requirements Functionality

Object-Oriented World time OO Design OO Programming OO Analysis Give Program the Create the vocabulary ocabu a y model ode vocabulary vocabulary behavior (model the system) Deliverables Requirements

Object-Oriented Design time OO Design OO Programming OO Analysis Give Program the Create the vocabulary ocabu a y model ode vocabulary vocabulary behavior (model the system) Deliverables Requirements Principles: 1. Classes (abstraction and encapsulation) 2. Inheritance 3. Polymorphism

Agenda • • The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) The Characteristics of Object ‐ Oriented Design (OOD) • The Use of Classes in OOD • The use of Inheritance in OOD • The Use of Polymorphism in OOD • Creating a Class Diagram: Case Study

What makes a class: abstraction (= create a general term for an item) transportation ship automobile plane truck car SUV “A ____ is a type of ____.”

What makes a class: encapsulation ( = stuff the item with data and functionality) name data functionality functionality black box name name data input input output output functionality Interface = restricted access to functionality = lower maintenance & problem prevention

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) time OO Design OO Programming OO Analysis = what abstract = model the = implement the model in an entities/objects are behavior for Object Oriented Language required to future the system to (OOL) system? exist Deliverables Data Needs Needs Requirements Requirements Functionality

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) time OO Design OO Programming OO Analysis = what abstract = model the = implement the model in an entities/objects are behavior for Object Oriented Language required to future the system to (OOL) system? exist Di Display l -Data Deliverables +Print() Data Needs Needs Requirements Requirements +View() -Data +Save() Menu +Load() Load() -Data +Create() +Edit()

Agenda • • The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) The Characteristics of Object ‐ Oriented Design (OOD) • The Use of Classes in OOD • The use of Inheritance in OOD • The Use of Polymorphism in OOD • Creating a Class Diagram: Case Study

The use of Inheritance in OOD transportation transportation ship automobile plane truck car SUV

The use of Inheritance in OOD Superclass Subclass B Subclass C Subclass A Subclass C1 Subclass C2 Subclass C3

The use of Inheritance in OOD automobile - Nr OfWheels Nr.OfWheels +Drive() +Reverse() +Park() Park() truck car SUV -Nr.OfGears -TrunkSize -4WD - Nr.OfTanks -SafetyWindows -BullBar + Tow() + Trolley() +Load() +Unload()

Multiple Inheritance Weapon Vehicle -ArtileryCapacity -FuelType - ArtileryType - SeatingCapacity +Drive() +Load() +Reverse() +Fire() +Park() +Aim() +Start() +Start() +Stop() Tank -Model + Ram() +Radio()

Agenda • • The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) The Characteristics of Object ‐ Oriented Design (OOD) • The Use of Classes in OOD • The use of Inheritance in OOD • The Use of Polymorphism in OOD • Creating a Class Diagram: Case Study

The use of Polymorphism in OOD Animal -Nr.OfEyes - Nr.OfLegs + Eat() +Sleep() Lion Bird + Run() + Fly() +Sleep() +Sleep() Polymorphism = classes with the same interface operate on their data differently

Agenda • • The Characteristics of Object Oriented Design (OOD) The Characteristics of Object ‐ Oriented Design (OOD) • The Use of Classes in OOD • The use of Inheritance in OOD • The Use of Polymorphism in OOD • Creating a Class Diagram: Case Study

Creating a Class Diagram: Case study Information to build the class diagram: A student can be an undergraduate student or a graduate student g g • • An undergraduate student can be a type of tutor • A tutor tutors a student • A teacher and a professor are two types of instructors eac e a d a p o esso a e o ypes o s uc o s • A teacher assistant can assist a professor and a teacher; a teacher can be assisted by one assistant, while a professor can be assisted by up to five assistants • A teacher assistant is a type of graduate student

A student can be an undergraduate student or a graduate student A student can be an undergraduate student or a graduate student • • Student U d Undergraduate d t G Graduate d t

An undergraduate student can be a type of tutor An undergraduate student can be a type of tutor Student T t Tutor U d Undergraduate d t G Graduate d t

A tutor tutors a student A tutor tutors a student Student tutors> T t Tutor U d Undergraduate d t G Graduate d t

A teacher and a professor are two types of instructors A teacher and a professor are two types of instructors Student tutors> Tutor T t Instructor U d Undergraduate d t G Graduate d t Teacher Professor

A teacher assistant can assist a professor and a teacher; a teacher can be assisted by one assistant, while a professor can be assisted by up b i d b i hil f b i d b to five assistants Student tutors> T t Tutor Instructor Undergraduate U d d t G Graduate d t Teacher Professor 1 1 0..1 0..4 TeacherAssistant

A teacher assistant is a type of graduate student Student tutors> tutors> Instructor Tutor Undergraduate Graduate Teacher Professor 1 1 0..1 0..4 TeacherAssistant

Project Read the following scenario and perform the required activities: The assigned project requires to build an on ‐ line store with the following characteristics: ‐ Customers can buy different physical objects which will be delivered f ll following payment i t ‐ Payment can be made via credit card (arrangements with a third party are already made) Activities: 1. Using BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation) model the business 2. Draw the Use Case Diagram of a software system which supports the business 2 D th U C Di f ft t hi h t th b i 3. Draw the Sequence Diagram for each Use Cases 4. Draw the Activity Diagram for each Use Case 5. Draw the Class Diagrams for the system