Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet Prashant Kumar Singh Indian - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet Prashant Kumar Singh Indian Institute of Technology Bombay October 17, 2013 Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 1 / 23

Contents Introduction and Motivation 1 Learning and Interactivity 2 Bringing Interactivity to e-books 3 Interactivity in ePub: Created Book 4 Problem Statement and Solution Strategy 5 Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 2 / 23

Introduction Era of Science and Technology Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 3 / 23

Introduction Era of Science and Technology Technology and education Smart classrooms e-learning Digital books Course Management Systems (Moodle) Online Courses (Coursera and NPTEL) Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 3 / 23

Introduction Era of Science and Technology Technology and education Smart classrooms e-learning Digital books Course Management Systems (Moodle) Online Courses (Coursera and NPTEL) Learning by e-books: Possible shortcomings more chances of distraction No interactive demonstrations Verbal symbols do not leave a concrete experience Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 3 / 23

Motivation To overcome the mentioned limitations of e-books Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 4 / 23

Motivation To overcome the mentioned limitations of e-books Interactive e-books enables reader to communicate with e-books embedded interactive multimedia, so interesting to read learning at your own pace learning not just by watching better learning environment Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 4 / 23

Learning Learning Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 5 / 23

Learning Learning Learning Hypothesis Passive Learning Hypothesis: Content same, Learning same Active Learning Hypothesis: Way of teaching Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 5 / 23

Learning Learning Learning Hypothesis Passive Learning Hypothesis: Content same, Learning same Active Learning Hypothesis: Way of teaching Cone of Experience Forgetting Curve Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 5 / 23

Cone of Experience Cone of Experience Edgar Dale: ’Audio visual methods in teaching 1946’ Describes concreteness of audio-visual media Lower layer and upper layer Three regions Symbolic region: Knowledge that comes by listening or seeing Iconic region: Knowledge by motion pictures like television Enactive region: Knowledge that comes through action Figure: Cone of experience Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 6 / 23

Forgetting Curve Hermann Ebbinghaus, a German psychologist explains how fast the process of forgetting takes place relation between memory and time exponential loss in information (Red Curve) effect of revision (Green Lines) Figure: Forgetting Curve Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 7 / 23

Effect of Interactivity: An Experiment by Evans and Gibbons Aim To investigate the impact of interactivity on students Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 8 / 23

Effect of Interactivity: An Experiment by Evans and Gibbons Aim To investigate the impact of interactivity on students Environment Year: 2007 No of students 33 (22 male and 11 female) Undergraduate students at a university in London background in physics Topic Taught: Working of a Bicycle Pump Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 8 / 23

Effect of Interactivity: An Experiment by Evans and Gibbons Aim To investigate the impact of interactivity on students Environment Year: 2007 No of students 33 (22 male and 11 female) Undergraduate students at a university in London background in physics Topic Taught: Working of a Bicycle Pump Method Two sub groups, random selection, I and NI Group two quizzes to solve Memory Test(2 question): How Bicycle pump works Transfer Test(3 question) What could be done to make pump more effective, to make it move air more rapidly one hour duration Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 8 / 23

Non Interactive Group 17 students Screen contained diagram of a pump with a little description of six up stages and six down stages Figure: Demonstration for Non Interactive Group Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 9 / 23

Interactive Group 16 students Screen displays a diagram of a pump with a next button When presses repeatedly, screen shows various stages Figure: Demonstration for Interactive Group Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 10 / 23

Observations No relation between time time spent on lesson and Transfer Score Students of I group gained good marks as compared to NI Group Figure: Time spent on Lesson and Transfer Score Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 11 / 23

Observations... Graph shows interactive group took more time for lesson, but took less time for Test as compared to non interactive group Figure: Time spent on learning and time spent on test Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 12 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle 1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle 1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle 1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle 1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle 1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds 5 Modality Principle: (Animation + Narration) instead of (Animation and Text) Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle 1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds 5 Modality Principle: (Animation + Narration) instead of (Animation and Text) 6 Redundancy Principle: (Animation + Narration) if text is used, it is redundant Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Animations in Learning Richard E. Mayer, educationist, gave seven principle 1 Multimedia Principle: Animation + Narration, instead of narration 2 Spatial Contiguity Principle: Animation close to text 3 Temporal Contiguity Principle: Animation and Narration at same time 4 Coherence Principle: remove irrelevant sounds 5 Modality Principle: (Animation + Narration) instead of (Animation and Text) 6 Redundancy Principle: (Animation + Narration) if text is used, it is redundant 7 Personalization Principle: Conversational style instead of formal style Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 13 / 23

Interactivity in e-books Technology and e-books Lack of interactive features chalk and talk method Features of interactive e-books Support for audio and video content Support for SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) Support for in-book quizzing Support for reflowability of content Better educational environment Interesting to read Prashant Kumar Singh (IIT Bombay) Interactive e-books on Aakash Tablet October 17, 2013 14 / 23