Integrity and Conflict of Integrity and Conflict of Interests: An Ethical Interests: An Ethical Perspective on the Perspective on the Researcher’s Responsibility Researcher’s Responsibility Michel Bergeron, Ethicist Michel Bergeron, Ethicist University Research Ethics Board University Research Ethics Board Université de Montréal Université de Montréal Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society 2008 Congress 2008 Congress May 28, 2008 May 28, 2008 Kelowna, BC Kelowna, BC Programme de Valorisation de l’Innovation et du Capital Intellectuel (VINCI) 1 1
Presentation’s Plan Presentation’s Plan 2. The knowledge development process 2. The knowledge development process 4. The context of knowledge transfer 4. The context of knowledge transfer (valorization) (valorization) 6. The ethics of valorization 6. The ethics of valorization 2 2 Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, , CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC
1. The knowledge development process 1. The knowledge development process A three-step process by which a new knowledge is developed and A three-step process by which a new knowledge is developed and acquired acquired 1.1 The first step – the identification of a question or a problem 1.1 The first step – the identification of a question or a problem Usually of scientific, economic, social or cultural interest Usually of scientific, economic, social or cultural interest Should also be of enough high personal interest to be retained Should also be of enough high personal interest to be retained Might involve a peer-review process to assure its scientificity Might involve a peer-review process to assure its scientificity Might need to go through a Research Ethics Board, an Animal Might need to go through a Research Ethics Board, an Animal Deontology Committee, an Environmental Evaluation Deontology Committee, an Environmental Evaluation Committee or a Biosecurity Committe. Committee or a Biosecurity Committe. 3 3 Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC
1. The knowledge development process 1. The knowledge development process 1.2 The second step – the realization of the The second step – the realization of the 1.2 research project: research project: Goes from the litterature search to the new knowledge Goes from the litterature search to the new knowledge Integrity is a key issue for confidence of the public and Integrity is a key issue for confidence of the public and future users future users Continuing ethics review or deontological follow-up Continuing ethics review or deontological follow-up might be required might be required 1.3 The third step – the valorization of the 1.3 The third step – the valorization of the research results: research results: A process by which a developed knowledge is A process by which a developed knowledge is transfered from producers to users while adding value transfered from producers to users while adding value to the research results. to the research results. 4 4 Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC
Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC (as formulated by the working group on the ethics of valorization, VIN 5 5 Program. Université de Montréal)
2. The context of valorization 2. The context of valorization 2 paradigms with hybrids: 2 paradigms with hybrids: Knowledge economy Knowledge economy Knowledge society Knowledge society 2.1 The knowledge economy: 2.1 The knowledge economy: Developed by OECD Developed by OECD Based on the development of the Based on the development of the private sector private sector Knowledge as a commodity Knowledge as a commodity 6 6 Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC
2. The context of valorization 2. The context of valorization 2.2 The knowledge society: 2.2 The knowledge society: Developed by UNESCO Developed by UNESCO Based on a balanced Based on a balanced development of societies development of societies Knowledge as a source for Knowledge as a source for social improvment social improvment 7 7 Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC
3. The ethics of valorization 3. The ethics of valorization A few comments to conclude: A few comments to conclude: A knowledge development process is not A knowledge development process is not complete until its results are valorized complete until its results are valorized Integrity is required from the first step of it Integrity is required from the first step of it through the end. through the end. - Integrity and the self - Integrity and the self - Integrity and the others - Integrity and the others - Integrity in context - Integrity in context 8 8 Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC
3. The ethics of valorization 3. The ethics of valorization A few comments to conclude: A few comments to conclude: Conflict of interests and conflict of values Conflict of interests and conflict of values Interests into play: Interests into play: - Scientific, economic, social or cultural - Scientific, economic, social or cultural - Personal - Personal - Users (individuals or groups) - Users (individuals or groups) Values into play: Values into play: - Personal - Personal - Scientific or professional - Scientific or professional - Linked to the context - Linked to the context When conflicting, ethical deliberation might be When conflicting, ethical deliberation might be required required 9 9 Michel Bergeron, CMOS 2008 Congress, May28, 2008, Kelowna, BC
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