Migration and Refugees Integration: a multilevel governance challenge New Forms of service delivery for municipalities, the contribution of social dialogue and good practice for well being at work Monday November 14 th 2016 Ramon Sanahuja Ajuntament de Barcelona 1
Outline of the session: 1. What do we mean when we address the challenges of migration and refugees? 2. Integration a Local natural competence 3. How does Barcelona addresses the challenge of integration. Principles and criteria's 4. SAIER and example of local cooperation with labour unions in service delivery 2
Outline of the session: 1. What do we mean when we address the challenges of migration and refugees? 2. Integration a Local natural competence 3. How does Barcelona addresses the challenge of integration. Principles and criteria's 4. SAIER and example of local cooperation with labour unions in service delivery 3
What administration is competent in Immigration and refugees? 4
Competences / Field (Multilevel governance) UE STATE REGION LOCAL Border Control, flux control ( Return directive, Frontex...) Residents permit, regrouping, working permits…. Free movement within EU borders (Schengen, …) Refuges, Asylum . Nationality, naturalization (Civil codes...) Welcoming policies, (information, language…) Access to services and programmes (health , education, social services, housing…) Integration, living together with, …(Leisure, participation, visibility…) 5
What do we mean when we address the challenges of migration and refugees? • Migrants vs Refugees. • North Countries vs. South countries • East Countries? • UE legislation clearly priorizes asylum legislation and funding over migration reality • What about “migrants “ from other UE countries? They need similar strategies than the rest: ex: Language learning. 6
Outline of the session: 1. What do we mean when we address the challenges of migration and refugees? 2. Integration a Local natural competence 3. How does Barcelona addresses the challenge of integration. Principles and criteria's 4. SAIER and example of local cooperation with labour unions in service delivery 7
Integration a Local natural competence • Integration of Refugees, asylum seeker, economic migrants, internal mobility of UE is a natural local competence. • It takes place over the basis of proximity and local sense of belonging. • It is a social process that it can not be determined by law • But legal context can influence and make it easier or more difficult (example of family reunification) 8
Migration and Integration working group of Eurocities: Global consensus major European cities Need of political leadership and • Address peoples perceptions • Need to provide access to mainstream services as • soon as possible Provide access to language learning • Local staff of LRA should mirror the diversity of • population of their cities or regions 9
Who finances integration and how is organized? AMIF /Regional Funding / ESF • AMIF it is not arriving to local level in many states in • Europe. Luck of correct finance of integration, need for more • flexibility (refugees / Internal migrants / migrants TCN) In Spain all funds are kept by the Ministers and we do not • have yet the results of previous evaluation schemes. Luck of transparency. Was the money used? How? Was it effective? In which countries? 10
Big failure of the System: Undocumented migrants Undocumented exist all over Europe and they are not • going to be expelled. About 35% asylum seekers will be rejected in Germany • Sweden…. Many Economic migrants working in informal sectors all • over Europe, not only in South or East. Local governments all over Europe very often deliver • services (Barcelona, Utrecht , Gant …): practical realistic approach 11
Outline of the session: 1. What do we mean when we address the challenges of migration and refugees? 2. Integration a Local natural competence 3. How does Barcelona addresses the challenge of integration. Principles and criteria's 4. SAIER and example of local cooperation with labour unions in service delivery 12
Social Context Barcelona (2007-2015) Unemployment has raised from 7% to up 20%. Budgets cuts and austerity policy (other administrations) affected basic services like Health, education, etc. The Banking crisis and real states crisis caused an enormous increase of evictions Important increase of vulnerable persons Increase irregular migrants. Territorial inequality big social stress But , yet social cohesion and living together it is not broken! There has been not big social distress
BARCELONA: City Population: 1,65 million. Metropolitan area of 4 million: Historically • economic engine in south Europe. High density: 16.000 x Km2 Foreign population: 280.047 (2014) 17,2% . 23% (with foreign background) • 22% population 65+ • Official Language: Catalan and Spanish. ( Caregiving generational and • diversity gap ) International migration is very recent in the last 15 years. Flow has stopped • in the last two years because economic situation Economic migrants rather than refugees. • Ranking of foreign nationalities (2015): • 1. Italy 25.797 2. Pakistan 19.414 3. China 17.487 4. France 13.281 5. Morocco 12.601 6. Bolivia 9.946 14 7. Ecuador 8.647
Impact: Great Migration influx 2000 to 2009. Evolution of the number of foreigners registered 2000-2015 350.000 22% Foreign Born 16,4% 300.000 294.918 260.058 262.233 250.000 200.000 202.489 163.046 150.000 100.000 53.428 50.000 0 15 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Context of Economic crisis and big social distress: • Unemployment has raised from 7% to up 20%(2013) now is 15%. • Youth unemployment 50%. . • Migrant unemployment 36%. • The Banking crisis and real states crisis caused an enormous increase of evictions. One of the neighborhoods in Barcelona it is known as “Eviction village” . “Ciutat Meridiana. • Important increase of vulnerable persons and migrants with irregular status • Budgets cuts and austerity policy (other administrations) affected basic services like Health, education, social benefits, pensions...etc • New tendency Emigration of well educated youth and 16 voluntary return to countries of origin.
Impact 2: Evolution of Unemployed in Barcelona 120.000 112.192 108.624 107.677 101.069 100.000 99.096 100.861 74.364 80.000 60.000 51.243 40.000 20.000 0 Sept 2007 june 2008 june 2009 june 2010 Des 2011 june 2012 des 2013 des 2014 17
Hypothesis: + Massive migration + deep economical crisis in a dense complex urban area + austerity policies + corruption cases and political crisis = Riots, ethnic tensions, racism and xenophobia 18
Impact: % Of citizens in Barcelona that perceve immigration as the main problem of Barcelona (2007-2014) Source: Barcelona city Omnibus survey. Evolution of unemployed in Barcelona 2007 2015 16,00% 120.000 15,10% 107.677 14,00% 112.192 100.861 110.000 99.096 108.624 12,00% 90.893 100.000 101.069 10,00% 90.000 7,90% 9,30% 8,00% 74.364 80.000 6,80% 6,00% 51.243 5,50% 70.000 2,30% 3,50% 4,00% 60.000 2,30% 2,00% 50.000 40.000 0,00% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sept 2007 june 2008 june 2009 june 2010 Des 2011 june 2012 des 2013 des 2014 19
Our framework: Barcelona Interculturality Plan Main Objective: Define a strategy for the city of Barcelona in order to tackle the challenge of diversity from an intercultural point of view. Main goal is to foster interaction between individuals. Pursue “convivencia”. Barcelona is a city, a setting, where interaction is more likely to happen . Build a common sense of belonging , civic engagement 20
A. Barcelona Interculturality: 3 principles (Theoretical framework of Dr. Carlos Gimenez Romero U.A.M ) Equality All programmes and policies can be examined how they contribute to the 3 principles . Diversity Interaction 21
Barcelona: Inclusive policies and criteria. - Avoid segregation from moment 0 - Access to mainstream services to all migrants (health, education) (Not housing) - Active local registration to all migrants - Undocumented today is the future documented! - Strong Welcoming policies - Participation of NGO and Labor Unions - Political consensus and leadership - Free access to language learning for everybody 22
Outline of the session: 1. What do we mean when we address the challenges of migration and refugees? 2. Integration a Local natural competence 3. How does Barcelona addresses the challenge of integration. Principles and criteria's 4. SAIER and example of local cooperation with labor unions in service delivery 23
SAIER: 24
SAIER. (Attentions service to immigrants, emigrants and refugees) • Social investment package of UE : it is One stop shop for welcoming services to all human mobility. • Immigration + Emigration + Return to country of origin + Asylum and Refugees. • Public and Private partnership with NGOs and Labor Unions. • Open to everybody • Professionals providing the services. • All free services for the user. 25
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