Infmuence of the ionic strength on H 2 production from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) F . Paillet 2 , R. Escudié 2 , C. Barrau 1 , N. Bernet 2 , E. Trably 2 1 TRIFYL, Labessière-Candeil, 81300, France 2 LBE, University Montpellier, INRA, Narbonne, 11100, France Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (Narbonne, France) .01 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Anaerobic digestion processes : from past to present Nowadays Before Electricity CH 4 & Heat Waste Effluents Wastewaters Digestate: used as fertilizer, composted or landfilled .02 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
What next ? AD next gen = the concept of Environmental Biorefinery Social, Economical & Environmental Services Multiple and various types of waste towards circular economy under a territorial context Heat Agro-industrial Electricity CH 4 & H 2 waste Biofuel - Biohythane NG grid Biowaste OFMSW Platform Acétate, butyrate, éthanol, phénolic molecules compounds, etc. Agricultural w w residues N, P, K, Digestate oganic & fertilizers matter Urban sludge Under environmental and sanitary safety Water reuse H 2 O New inputs (contaminants - pathogens) ( eg., microalgae H 2 (Power to gas) ) .03 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Two-step process for bioHythane (H 2 /CH 4 ) production Benefjts of a two-step process • pre-hydrolysis of the substrate (better energetic yield) • Easier maintenance on the digester • Better combustion (if appropriate engine) Pre-requisite for the fermenter = Low TS content (< 10%TS) Leachate recirculation .04 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Two-step process for bioHythane (H 2 /CH 4 ) production Recycling leachate could cause inhibition by ions (eg. NH 4 + inhibition of AD and H2 fermentation *,** ) AIM = Evaluate the impact of the ion concentration on fermentative hydrogen production from OFMSW * Nielsen HB, Angelidaki I (2008) Strategies for optimizing recovery of the biogas process following ammonia inhibition. Bioresour T echnol 99:7995–8001. ** Salerno MB, Park W, Zuo Y, Logan BE (2006) Inhibition of biohydrogen production by ammonia. Water Res 40:1167–72. .05 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Methodology 1 - Freshly prepared synthetic OFMSW Average composition of the OFMSW collected in France (MODECOM 2016) Category Elements % w/w Meat 7.0 Cofgee grounds 3.9 Rice 4.3 Food waste Potatoes 20.9 Bread 5.1 Yogurt 2.0 Grass 5.0 Garden waste Paper Paper 35.1 Cardboard Cardboard 16.7 6 .06 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Methodology 2 - Batch tests on OFMSW diluted with leachate Data analysis : Gompertz model pH : 6 T°C : 37°C TS : 3% NH 4 + stripped leachate • Biogas analysis every 2 h with λ : Lag phase (d) automated µ-GC Rm : Maximal hydrogen production rate (mL/ • P : Hydrogen production potential (mL/gVS) VFAs analysis by HPLC (end) H : Cumulative hydrogen (mL/gVS) • Microbial community analysis (end) .07 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Methodology 3 - Use of different mixtures of ions at a wide range of concentrations Ammonium - Chloride NH 4 Cl [0-18,5] gN/L - [0-40] gCl - /L Chloride-X Ammonium-X H Ca Cl 2 + K Cl + Na Cl NH 4 Cl + NH 4 H 2 PO 4 + ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 2 [0-40] gCl - /L [0-18,5] gN/L Mix 1 Mix 2 NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 , LiBr, KI, NaCl + KH 2 PO 4 + LiBr, KI + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , MnCl 2 , MgSO 4 I : ionic strength (mol.l -1 ) Ionic strength (0- Ci : ion concentration (mol.l -1 ) Zi : ion charge state 3M) .08 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Results : efgects of NH 4 + Cl - / NH 4 + -X / Cl - - X Azote- Y Ammonium-X Chloride-X Hydroge n Yield (mLH 2 /g VS) [1] : Favaro L et al. Efgects of inoculum and indigenous microfmora on hydrogen production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2013;38:11774–9. [2] : Alibardi L et al. Composition variability of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and efgects on hydrogen and methane production potentials. Waste Manag 2014;36:147–55. [3] : T yagi VK et al. Enhancement in hydrogen production by thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge--optimization of treatment conditions. Bioresour T echnol 2014;164:408–15. .09 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Results : efgects of ion mixtures Azote-Chlorure Ammonia-ChlorideAmmonia-X Chloride-X Azote-Y Chlorure- Y MI MII Hydroge 45 n Yield 40 (mLH 2 /g 35 VS) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Ionic strength (mol/L) Very similar inhibition trends whatever the ionic species .010 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Results : statistical analysis Azote-Chlorure Ammonia-Chloride Ammonia-X Chloride-X Azote-Y Chlorure-Y MI MII Hydroge 45 I II III n Yield 40 (mLH 2 /g 35 VS) Standar Ionic H 2 Yield d 30 strength P-Value (mlH 2 /gVS) deviatio (mol/L) n 25 0 - 0,7 23,2 6,5 20 1,4x10 -45 0,7 - 1,2 5,9 7,3 15 1,2 - 3,0 0,5 1,3 10 5 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Ionic strength (mol/L) Three statistical zones were identifjed .011 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Results : Impact on microbial activity Azote-Chlorure Azote-X Chlorure-X MII Ammonia-Chloride Ammonia-X Chloride-X Conversion 0,6 Yield 0,5 (gCOD/gVS) 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Ionic strength (mol/L) Microbial activity shifted to other metabolisms .012 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Results : microbial community analysis Relative abudances of microbial families (in %) Family Ionic strength 0.25 0.35 0.53 0.63 0.72 0.95 1.02 1.13 mol/L mol/L mol/L mol/L mol/L mol/L mol/L mol/L Clostridiaceae 40 47 31 13 9 Enterococcace 34 30 53 44 31 ae Pseudomonad 5 5 4 5 31 28 32 aceae Lachnospirace 8 19 ae Oceanospirilla 11 3 3 ceae Halomonadace 10 9 12 ae Alcaligenacea 5 3 4 e High impact on HPB (eg. Clostridiaceae) and emergence of Carnobacteria 28 halotolerant species ceae Others (<2%) 21 18 12 30 41 43 29 48 T rivedi VD et al. Insights into metabolism and sodium chloride adaptability of carbaryl degrading halotolerant Pseudomonas sp. strain C7. Arch Microbiol 2017;199:907–16. Jollifge LK et al. The energized membrane and cellular autolysis in Bacillus subtilis. Cell 1981;25:753–63. .013 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Conclusions • Ions could be benefjcial at low concentration and inhibitory on hydrogen production whatever the ionic species : T otal inhibition of hydrogen production at 1.2 mol/L ionic strength • Global decrease of the microbial activity suggesting stressful conditions caused by ions concentration • Switch of microbial community probably due to the increase of osmotic pressure • In the objective to optimize the hydrogen production, the ions concentration should not exceed 0.7 mol/L of ionic strength (online measure of conductivity) .014 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
Thank you for your kind attention INRA –LBE - Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (Narbonne, France) eric.trably@inra.fr 15 .015 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management (Heraklion-2019)
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