Illangasekare et al., 2013
CH 4 GWP • 72 (20 yr) • 25 (100 yr ) Petron, 2013 Le ak rate <1% ensures shale gas less of a GHG source than coal/oil (e.g. World Resource Institute, 2012)
Fisher and Warpinski 2012
Kohlbecker, GSI 2011
Mixing between in-situ bacterial methane and thermogenic methane from an accumulation at depth results in a wide variation in methane isotope signature 1000 THERMOGENIC END-MEMBER Methane Concentration (mg/L) d13C=-38.3 0 / 00 , C=931 mg/L 900 800 700 Data from: Early and others (1996) 600 500 400 BIOGENIC END-MEMBER 300 d13C=-88.4 0 / 00 , C=20 mg/L 200 100 0 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 d13C (per mil) Kohlbecker, GSI 2011
Kohlbecker, GSI 2011
Low Frequency ….but many wells Shallow Gas Drilling Shallow Gas Wire- Wells Exploration Wells Drilling Completed Line Well Wells Wells Logging Workover Surface Subsurface Surface Subsurface Wells Blowouts Blowouts Blowouts Blowouts 6.0E-05 9.7E-05 6.5E-06 1.8E-04 4.7E-04 7.4E-04 6E-04 9.8E-04 OGP, 2010
Valencia and King, 2013
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