Medical Academy named after by Georgievsky Department of Histology and Embryology Histologic slides Atlas Collector Associated Professor PhD Lugin Igor A. Simferopol, 2020
Preface • The goal of Atlas of Histology with Functional and Clinical Correlations is not only to provide a practical and useful source of fundamental information concerning basic histology .
Human Placenta • The maternal portion of placenta • H&E, Х 400 •The maternal portion is the decidua basalis and chorionic villi with maternal blood within the intervillous space. The oxyphilic stained material is called fibrinoid has seen in the basal plate. •The decidua basalis forms when stromal fibroblasts of the endometrium are transformed into decidual cells (reach to glycogen granules) at the site of implantation.
• Human Placenta • • The fetal portion of placenta • • H&E, Х 400 • •The fetal portion consists of the chorionic plate, chorionic villi, and cytotrophoblastic shell. Fetal blood flows within the blood vessels of the chorionic villi; maternal blood is contained within the intervillous space. • •The syncytiotrophoblast invades the maternal blood • •vessels replacing smooth muscle in the vessel walls. Syncytiotrophoblasts also line the surface of the intervillous space. The cytotrophoblast forms an interface ( cytotrophoblastic shell) between the maternal and fetal tissues. • •The placental barrier prevents the fetal blood from
The fetal portion of placenta • Human Placenta • • The fetal portion of placenta • • H&E, Х 400
• Human Placenta • • The maternal portion of placenta • • H&E, Х 400 • • The maternal portion is the decidua basalis and chorionic villi with maternal blood within the intervillous space. The oxyphilic stained material is called fibrinoid has seen in the basal plate. • • The decidua basalis forms when stromal fibroblasts of the endometrium are transformed into decidual cells (reach to glycogen granules) at the site of implantation.
The maternal portion of placenta • The maternal portion is the decidua basalis and chorionic villi with maternal blood within the intervillous space. The oxyphilic stained material is called fibrinoid has seen in the basal plate. • •The decidua basalis forms when stromal fibroblasts of the endometrium are transformed into decidual cells (reach to glycogen granules) at the site of implantation.
Пуповина • Umbilical cord. H&E, × 100; • •The umbilical cord is a ropelike structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta. It is covered by amniotic epithelium (simple cuboidal epithelium) The umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. • •
• Umbilical cord. H&E, × 100; • •The umbilical cord is a ropelike structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta. It is covered by amniotic epithelium (simple cuboidal epithelium) The umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. • •The blood vessels are surrounded by a mucous connective tissue (Wharton jelly). The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated fetal blood to the placenta by way of the chorionic arteries and the chorionic villi. • •After gas and nutrient exchange with the maternal blood, the • • oxygenated blood is transported from chorionic veins to • •the umbilical vein, which returns blood to the fetus.
• Epithelium can be classifi ed as simple or stratifi ed based on the number of layers of cells. • If there is a single layer of cells, it is referred to as simple epithelium. • If there are two or more layers of cells, it is considered to be stratified epithelium. • Epithelium is also classified according to the shape of the cells in the most superfi cial layer. If the surface cells are fl attened in shape, it is called squamous epithelium. • If surface cells are cuboidal in shape, it is called cuboidal epithelium. • If the surface cells are tall, with their height much greater than their width, it is called columnar epithelium. If the surface cells change shape in response to stretching and relaxing, it is called transitional epithelium (urothelium).
• Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium, Cornea. H&E, × 100 (cornea of Cow Eye) • The cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue, which is composed of five layers: three cellular layers (epithelial layers and stroma) and two noncellular layers (Bowman membrane and Descemet membrane). These include (1) anterior corneal epithelium; (2) the Bowman membrane (basement membrane of the anterior corneal epithelium ; (3) stroma, consisting of fibroblasts and alternating lamellae of collagen fibers; (4) the Descemet membrane (basement membrane of the posterior corneal epithelium (endothelium); and (5) the corneal endothelium (posterior corneal epithelium). • • The anterior corneal epithelium is stratified squamous nonkeratinized and composed of five to seven layers of cells: basal layer with mitotic active low columnar cells, spinous layer consist from cells which are migrate to the surface (wing cells named), and superficial cells with microvilli in apical surface.
• Thick skin, palm. H&E, × 100 • •The skin can be classifi ed into thick skin and thin skin based on the thickness of the epidermis. Thick skin has a thick epidermis with five distinct cell layers. Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum. The stratum corneum • •is extremely thick in this skin. Thick skin covers the palms of • •the hands and soles of the feet. • •The dermis is composed of a superficial papillary layer, a layer of loose connective tissue, and a deeper reticular layer, which is a thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue. This section shows thick epidermis containing the duct of an eccrine sweat gland.
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM (Mesothelium) • Окраска : Silver impregnation with contrastain Hematoxylin • is composed of one layer of uniform fl at cells, which rest on the basement membrane • Apical surfaces are smooth, and the width of the cells is greater than their height. The nuclei appear fl attened and can easily be recognized following hematoxylin staining because of the basophilia (affinity for blue stains) of the nucleic acids in the nuclei. • This type of epithelium is found lining the surface of the body cavities, including the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities (where it is called mesothelium)
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL AND COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM Hematoxylin and Eosin • is composed of one layer of uniform cuboidal cells, which rest on the basement membrane • The cell’s height, width, and depth are roughly equal. Nuclei are centrally placed and spherical in shape • Some cuboidal cells have long and abundant microvilli, which form a brush border on their apical surfaces. Such cells are found in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Other columnar cells can be found in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidney. Simple cuboidal epithelium is mainly found lining most of the tubules in the kidney and in some excretory ducts of glands
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM Iron Hematoxylin • is composed of one layer of nonuniform cells that vary in shape and height • Cells appear similar to stratified cells, but all cells are in contact with the basement membrane. In general, most cells are tall columnar cells, but there are also some short basal cells, some of which are stem cells. • The most widespread type of pseudostratifi ed columnar epithelium is found in the respiratory tract and has long fi ngerlike, motile structures called cilia on the apical surface of the cells. Cilia aid in the transport of material across the surface of epithelial cells. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is often referred to as respiratory epithelium because it is found in the linings of the respiratory tract
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM Hematoxylin and Eosin • is stratified epithelium , often referred to as urothelium, which lines the excretory channels leading from the kidney (renal calyces, ureters, bladder, and proximal segment of the urethra). • It may contain four to six cell layers in the relaxed state. However, the histological appearance of the epithelium can change when stretched • In the empty bladder, the basal cells are mostly cuboidal and the middle layer is polygonal, although surface cells bulge into the lumen. Surface cells are often described as “ dome shaped ” and are called dome cells or umbrella cells; they contain extra cell membrane material near the superficial (apical) surface
• Adult human blood smear • • Romanovski Giemsa stain • • Stain: azur II & eosin • •T h e human erythrocytes have no nucleus; they are stained in pink with a light area in the center. The neutrophils have very fine pink-violet intermediate between the tint of the basic and acidic stain) granules in cytoplasm. Mature (segmented) neutrophils have segmented nucleus with 3 - 4 segments. Metamyelocytes have kidney shaped nuclei, and band form of neutrophiles have an S- shaped one. • •The basophils have weakly segmented nuclei and big violet granules.
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