HEAT IN THE CITY Regina Vetter, C40 Cool Cities Network Manager
01. C40 CONTEXT Table of Content 02. HEAT & VULNERABILITY MAPPING 04. HEAT ACTIONS INTEGRATING CLIMATE MITIGATION & 05. ADAPTATION � 2
01. C40 CONTEXT
C40 CONTEXT C40 connects 96 cities worldwide to tackle the climate crisis together 96 � 4
Cities are engines of growth and innovation Cities are also huge CO2 emitters and are More than half of the vulnerable to the effects world population of climate change. BUT lives in cities. Cities represent 70% of global CO2 emissions. 98% of C40 cities are already experiencing the impacts of climate change.
C40 CONTEXT At 1°C of over-heating C40 cities are already experiencing a new climate reality Durban Chennai Tokyo Flooding and Landslide Water shortage Heatwave April 2019 Feb-May 2019 May 2019 � 6
C40 is a city-led organization 17 members of the Steering 7 Committee, representing the 7 regions, make strategic decisions and meet 3 times a year. � 7
C40 CONTEXT 16 C40 Networks: Driving policy change in high impact sectors TRANSPORTATION & ENERGY & BUILDINGS FOOD, WATER & WASTE URBAN PLANNING • Private Building Efficiency • Mobility Management • Sustainable Waste Systems • Municipal Building Efficiency • Mass Transit • Waste to Resources • New Building Efficiency • Walking & Cycling • Food Systems • Clean Energy • Zero Emission Vehicles • Land Use Planning ADAPTATION IMPLEMENTATION AIR QUALITY • Connecting Delta Cities • Air Quality • Cool Cities • Urban Flooding � 8
C40 CONTEXT How Networks work C40 networks help replicate, improve and accelerate climate actions SELECT ACTION Support group of 25-40 city experts, sharing PLAN information, experiences, challenges and advising each other APPROVE through all stages of policy development process IMPLEMENT EVALUATE 70% of C40 cities have implemented new climate actions, � 9 better or faster as a result of their participation in C40
C40 CONTEXT C40 Cool Cities Network LONDON BOSTON ROTTERDAM TORONTO BERLIN PARIS ROME NEW YORK CITY TEL AVIV MADRID PHILADELPHI MILAN SEOUL LOS ANGELES A BARCELON PHOENIX WASHINGTON ATHENS A TOKYO DC DUBAI LISBON MIAMI MEXICO CITY DAR ES GUADALAJAR ACCRA SALAAM A DURBAN RIO DE MEDELLIN JANEIRO TSHWANE SAO PAULO SYDNEY QUITO CAPE TOWN BUENOS MELBOURN AIRES E � 10
03. HEAT RISK MAPPING
2. HEAT RISK MAPPING PARIS - HEAT MAP CITY CASE STUDY Surface temperature maps Purpose To identify the urban heat pockets and to understand the impact of various cooling strategies Duration 3 years Method Airborne mapping Resolution 1 km Frequency of data One shot survey collection Cost 55,000 € for heat mapping; (2 flights beginning & end of night), 15,000-20,000 € for report analysis Team Private consortium of consultants: specialists of weather forecast measurement, scientists from university, specialists from mapping and data Project 2 thermal maps; components a local instrumental measurement survey to study effects and impacts of 'green and blue' spaces � 12
2. HEAT RISK MAPPING MADRID CITY CASE STUDY Air temperature sensors � 13
2. HEAT RISK MAPPING TORONTO CITY CASE STUDY Heat vulnerability Index - visualisation � 14
03. HEAT ADAPTATION ACTIONS 1. Heat emergency management 2. Long-term cooling actions
3. HEAT ACTIONS Heatwave emergency management HEATWAVE PROTOCOL COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN COOLING CENTRES Outlining the arrangements Strategies and for = public or private for the management of communication of heat risk to spaces within a city, heatwaves across vulnerable populations which are set up by preparedness, response and local authorities to recovery. temporarily protect citizens from the health HIGH effects of a heat wave. MEDIUM LOW VERY LOW � 16
3. HEAT ACTIONS BUENOS AIRES Communications campaign � Identification of vulnerable groups � Targeted outreach campaigns, examples: • Social media • Flyers in strategic locations (doctors, pharmacies,..) • Posters (buses, stations, schools, ..) • Neighbourhood check-ins for elderly (collaborating with community groups) � 17
3. HEAT ACTIONS Long-term cooling actions Cool roofs Green and spaces pavements HEAT ACTIONS Shading Water � 18
3. HEAT ACTIONS heat-shielding pavement TOKYO Reducing surface Cool roofs & temperatures pavements Comparison of a black and a white flat roof on a summer afternoon with an air temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. Source: Adapted from data from LBNL Heat Island Group . � 19
3. HEAT ACTIONS Green spaces � 20
3. HEAT ACTIONS SINGAPORE “LUSH policy” that Green roofs and walls Green spaces regulates and incentivises private building greenery DURBAN “ Green Roof Guidance” that provides support for green roofs on EXTENSIVE INTENSIVE residential buildings green roofs green roofs � 21
3. HEAT ACTIONS Urban forests - parks and tree canopy Green spaces SEOUL ATHENS MEDELLIN ‘Green Corridors’ - a network of The City of Seou l has the goal of Athens has developed a web-based greenery across the city with the aim creating 1000 forests and 1000 tree inventory, that helps to know the of reducing UHI effect, and also gardens. For example, the City exact costs of maintenance and help improving biodiversity and air quality. turned a former overpass into a to allocate resources appropriately. Trees, shrubs and ground cover have lush public park with over 24,000 been planted along the main transport plants. axes, riverside as well as marginalised neighbourhoods of Medellín. � 22
3. HEAT ACTIONS Shading TEL AVIV Shading Planning Guidelines & innovation competition Source: Guide to Urban Cooling Strategies, CRC Low Carbon Living (2017) � 23
CAPE TOWN 3. HEAT ACTIONS Water spray parks Water Source: Guide to Urban Cooling Strategies, CRC Low Carbon Living (2017) � 24
04. INTEGRATING HEAT IN OTHER SECTORS
4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION Climate change affecting…. …transportation systems / active mobility …clean energy generation …buildings � 26
4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION Mitigation & Adaptation MITIGATION: ADAPTATION: ACTIONS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS ACTIONS TO REDUCE THE IMPACTS OF EMISSIONS (GHG) EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS � 27 PRESENTATION HEADING
4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION Types of interactions Piggybacking : Actions that Mal-investment : Actions that are complimentary when can be undone or rendered designed and/or implemented less effective by the effects of together. climate change if they are not sufficiently resilient Trade-offs : Actions with Synergies : Actions that contrary effects on mitigation reduce both carbon emissions and adaptation and climate risk � 28
4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION Examples : Heat and transportation Melbourne Cycling water Green roofs on BRT stations, Quito Los Angeles – cool pavement sensitive Lanes on bike lanes � 29
4. ADAPTATION INTEGRATION Examples : Heat and Buildings Passive cooling, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi Air conditioners in Kigali Vertical gardens tower, Singapore � 30
C40 Resources: …available on C40 Knowledge Hub www.c40knowledgehub.org For example: • “ Understanding Infrastructure Interdependencies in Cities ” (2019) • “ The Future We Don’t Want ” Report (2018) • Adaptation Integration Guides (Clean Energy Systems, Municipal Buildings Efficiency, Private Buildings Efficiency, New Buildings, Mass Transit, Walking & Cycling, Food Systems, Waste Systems) • Heat Communications Toolkit (2020) � 31
Thank you! Contact Regina Vetter Cool Cities Network Manager, C40 rvetter@c40.org � 32
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