Health Promotion Dr Aamir Hameed Assistant Professor, Community - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Health Promotion Dr Aamir Hameed Assistant Professor, Community Dentistry Deptt, PDC

History  The origins of health promotion date back to the work of public health workers in 19 th century  At that times rapid industrialization resulting in terrible social conditions which led to epidemics of infectious diseases.

Health Promotion The aim of health promotion is to improve, support  and advance the public health and prioritize it on public agenda.  Many authors define health promotion differently some of them emphasize on activities and some of them focus on values and aims (Ewles and Simnett).

Bunton and Macdonald, (2002)  “ Health promotion is a strategy for promoting the health of whole population.  Health promotion is the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health”.

Health promotion as:  “representing marginalised populations, advocating equity, giving voice to the powerless and educating people in civic rights, democracy and politics, that is, in citizenship. In this respect, health promotion represents a humanist discourse aimed at creating a more equal and just society”. (Larsen et al 2009 p. 608)

Threshold concepts  Upstream thinking  Social model of health  Salutogenesis

With acknowledgements to Dennis Burkitt

Determinants of Health

Ottawa Charter – Canada 1986

Ottawa Charter  Why is it so important?  It ‘gave birth’ to a new, more radical, comprehensive idea of what health promotion is.  According Ottawa charter “ Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health” . Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986 )

Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion 2005  Reaffirms that Health Promotion is “The process of enabling individuals and communities to increase control over the determinants of their health and there by improve their health”

Components of Health Promotion (Ottawa Charter 1986) Develop personal skills Strengthen Build healthy Enable community public policy action Mediate Advocate Reorient Create health supportive environment services

Components of Health Promotion (Ottawa Charter 1986) Building healthy public policy  Creating supporting environments for health  Strengthening community action and participation in health  matters Development of personal skills for control of health choices  & the environment Re-orientation of health services towards health promotion 

Building healthy public policy Many policies that affect health lie outside usual  health agencies – environmental protection – legislation/ regulation on food and nutrition – control of sale and distribution of alcohol and tobacco – urban planning Health becomes, therefore, a concern and responsibility of each sector of government

Creating supportive environment PHYSICAL  – having adequate shelter – environment free of pollutants – having clean water, food and water fluoridation SOCIAL  – supportive social networks – environment free from violence or persecution ECONOMIC  – satisfying work – adequate income CULTURAL  – environment that allows expression through dance, music and art

Strengthening community action  bui ld capacity to increase the communities’ ability to achieve change in physical and social environments  through collective organization and actions  involves mobilization of community resources, both humans and materials  Community defines there own health needs

Developing personal skills  role of behaviors and lifestyles in promoting health  skills are those that enable people to make healthy choices increase the choices and resources available   to cope with predictable and unpredictable life situations  incorporate health promotion skills in training of health professionals

Developing personal skills Enable people to:  value and use their own knowledge  understand and use health information  have access to learning opportunities for health  increase their self-efficacy /empowerment

Reorienting health services  health systems to shift emphasis from concentration on hospital-based care  training and education of health professionals needs to modified towards prevention and health promotion  shift towards a system that is community based, more user-friendly and focuses on health

Principal of Health Promotion  involves a whole population  based upon a thorough assessment of social, economic, physical and political determinants of health  focused holistic view of health; lifestyle orientation  emphasises equity

Principal of Health Promotion  seeks to build capacity in communities, organisations and individuals; build existing strengths and assets Focus on: - multi-sectoral - building partnerships and works across sectors - working within settings (e.g. schools, workplaces)

Principal of Health Promotion - working with people, in communities through public - participatory approaches - diverse and complementary strategies to promote individual and community health

John Hubley Promoting health Health Education Service Advocacy improvement Communication directed at individuals, families improvements in agenda setting and and communities to quality and quantity advocacy for healthy influence: of services: public policy awareness/knowledge policies for health decision-making removal of accessibility beliefs/attitudes counselling obstacles empowerment inequalities patient education individual and community discrimination outreach action/behaviour change gender barriers social marketing community participation screening