Harmonizing People and Nature ~ A New Business Model Gretchen C. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Harmonizing People and Nature ~ A New Business Model Gretchen C. Daily Photo ~ Tokai no Inaka

1. Provisioning Services Seafood Crops & Livestock Forest Products

2. Regulating Services Climate Stabilization Water Supply Fire Prevention Flood Control Sedimentation Control Pest Control Pollination

3. Cultural Services Spiritual Values Inspiration Aesthetic Values Knowledge Systems Educational Values Sense of Place Recreation Ecotourism

4. Supporting Services & Preservation of Options Biodiversity Resilience Primary Production

Decisions Institutions Ecosystems Services Value

Decisions Actions & Incentives Scenarios Ecosystems Institutions Biophysical Information Models Services Value Economic & Cultural Models

Three Stories 1. Beyond Reserves 2. Beyond Biodiversity 3. Beyond Charity

First Story: Beyond Reserves Decisions Ecosystems Institutions Services Value

Biodiversity in Countryside Biodiversity Land Use Intensity

Biodiversity in Countryside Biodiversity Land Use Intensity

Biodiversity in Costa Rican Countryside

Short-term Outlook: Good Biodiversity Land Use Intensity

Long-term Outlook? Malabar Coast Work led by Dr. Jai Ranganathan

Cashew Shrub

Production Forest Forest Cashew Shrub

Production Forest Forest Arecanut Arecanut Cashew Shrub

All Birds Forest Birds Species Richness Species Richness Great Hornbill Photo: D. Behrens Malabar Grey Hornbill Photo: M.S. Ashok

Countries with Significant Arecanut Cultivation

What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside? High potential conservation value in widespread production systems

What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside? Critical window of opportunity

Three Stories 1. Beyond Reserves 2. Beyond Biodiversity 3. Beyond Charity

Second Story: Beyond Biodiversity Decisions Ecosystems Institutions Services Value

The value of biodiversity?

Pollination Services - to natural populations • 60-70% of flowering plant species require it • Plant populations often limited reproductively by lack of pollinators (45% of natural populations studied; Burd 1994).

Pollination Services - to crops • 15-30% of food production depends on animal pollinators • Of 1300 crops worldwide, 70% require animal pollinators for one or more cultivars (Roubik 1995)

Crop pollination • Honeybee declines worldwide • Can wild bees to do the job? • Value of their habitats? tomato apple coffee

Coffee for Conservation? Do forest pollinators benefit nearby coffee? Can we measure the benefits to farmers?

Pollination vs Distance from Forest Cumulative richness (Ricketts 2004 Cons Biol) (indiv/sample) Abundance Pollen grains / stigma Visits/100fl/20min Near Medium Far Near Medium Far 0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km 0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km Distance Distance

Value of rainforest to farmers? $ Coffee near forest: $ • more diverse bees • more pollination • 20% higher yields Value of forest: $60,000/year to 1 farm (Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS )

? ? ? ? ? The value of biodiversity? ? Valuing ecosystem services

Valuing Ecosystem Services Global Synthetic

Valuing Ecosystem Services $ $ Value of rainforest: Local US$ 60,000/year Specific to 1 farm (Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS )

Valuing Ecosystem Services Global $ Synthetic $ Value of rainforest: Local US$ 60,000/year Specific to 1 farm (Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS )

The Natural Capital Project 1. Science → new tools 2. Demonstration in sites globally 3. Magnifying the impact

InVEST Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services & Tradeoffs

Scenario Tool How will ecosystem service values change… With climate change? With population growth? With a new policy or program?

How would restoration affect agricultural income drinking water quality erosion control carbon sequestration & biodiversity?

InVEST 1.0 can map & value Biodiversity Water pollution regulation Carbon sequestration & storage Managed timber production Crop pollination Avoided reservoir sedimentation

And also… Tourism & recreation Agricultural production Flood mitigation Hydropower production Irrigation Open access products

Marine InVEST Fisheries, Aquaculture Coastal Protection Recreation & Tourism Wave Energy Siting

Data inputs on natural capital Land Use Soil type Topography

Data inputs on built capital Roads Cities Infrastructure

Outputs of ecosystem service levels supplied and demanded

Download InVEST at http://invest.ecoinformatics.org Kareiva, Ricketts, Daily, Tallis, & Polasky, Eds. 2010. The Theory & Practice of Ecosystem Service Valuation in Conservation . OUP.

Three Stories 1. Beyond Reserves 2. Beyond Biodiversity 3. Beyond Charity

Last Story: Beyond Charity Decisions Ecosystems Institutions Services Value

The Natural Capital Project West Coast Hawai’i Belize China Uganda Colombia Mexico Ecuador Amazon Tanzania Indonesia Basin

Land Use Decisions in China China 1.InVEST Development 2.InVEST in Master Planning 3.Policy Evaluation

China Upper Yangtze River Basin Baoxing County Hainan Island

Baoxing County chinese monal Giant panda Red panda

Baoxing EFCA Mapping with InVEST Draft PRODUCTION: DEMAND: EFCA Hydropower - Water Retention Map Flood Mitigation - Soil Retention Irrigation - Carbon Storage Agriculture, Mining - Biodiversity

Upper Yangtze EFCA Mapping with InVEST Water Retention Soil Retention Carbon Storage Bio- diversity

Policy Evaluation Program success? For people & nature

Water Funds in L. America Replicate & scale water Colombia funds Ecuador 1. New finance & policy mechanisms 2. Targeting of activities

Water Funds $$

Resource Licensing 1.Target resource use & conservation Colombia 2.New offset & mitigation policies

Colombia mining agriculture transportation and other major sectors.

Looking ahead… Food Security & Health Poverty Alleviation Engaging Leaders

Thank you