Guillermo Compean Ensuring the Sustainability of Tuna Stocks and Promoting Sustainable Development in the Purse Seine Tuna lndustry TUNA, 2018 Bangkok, Thailand, 28-30 May 2018
Captura por arte de pesca - Catch by gear type Atunes tropicales-Tropical tunas YFT BET 2016 633,105 metric tons 2017 646,211 metric tons* SKJ *Datos preliminaries-Preliminary data
Capturas de cerqueros por tipo de lance y especie- PS catch by set type and species (t) 2002-2017
Capacidad de acarreo de cerqueros-PS Fishing capacity. 1961-2017 2016 = 261,474 m³ 2017 = 263,018 m³
Lances sobre peces asociados a objetos flotantes- Sets on fish associated with floating objects
Tipo de lance sobre objetos-Type of object sets (Por buques -By vessels>363 t)
OBJ - Lances sobre objetos flotantes- Floating object sets
Capturas retenidas por cerqueros-PS estimated retained catches 2015-2017 (thousand tons) 2015 2016 2017* EPO PS Catch OBJ Catch EPO PS Catch OBJ Catch EPO PS Catch OBJ Catch Catch Catch Catch t % t % t % t % t % t % YFT 260,4 245,7 94.3 43,6 16.7 254,8 242,0 95.0 58,4 22.9 211,9 209,7 98.9 68,6 32.7 BET 104,7 62,9 60.0 60,9 58.1 95,2 56,7 59.5 55,2 57.9 106,3 66,2 62.2 63,8 60.0 SKJ 334,0 328,9 98.4 206,5 61.8 342,6 337,6 98.5 248,7 72.5 327,9 326,1 99.4 222,9 67.9 TOT 699.1 637,5 91.1 311,0 44.4 692.6 636,3 91.8 362.3 52.3 646.1 602,0 93.1 355.4 55.0 * Datos preliminares-Preliminary data
Capturas retenidas por cerqueros- Retained PS catches in 2017* YFT NO FOB Porcentaje de la captura total-Total Catch percentage FOB YFT 68.6 YFT FOB FOB SKJ 222.9 YFT 35% YFT NO FOB 24% SKJ FOB NON FOB SKJ103.0 37% YFT FOB FOB BET 63.8 11% BET FOB SKJ 54% 11% SKJ NO BET NO FOB BET 11% FOB 17% 0% *Datos preliminares-Preliminary data
Number of Class-6 PS vessels by flag stratified by the percentages of OBJ sets in 2015-2016. Flag Vessels 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Colombia 14 14 13 11 7 5 3 2 1 - - Ecuador 113 112 110 106 101 88 76 55 33 22 3 Spain 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 - Guatemala 1 1 - - - - - - - - - Mexico 48 4 - - - - - - - - - Nicaragua 6 4 3 3 2 2 1 - - - - Panama 15 10 10 10 10 8 8 7 5 3 1 Peru 5 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 - - - El Salvador 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - USA 16 14 14 14 12 9 6 5 4 2 - Venezuela 16 5 5 5 2 - - - - - - Total 240 173 164 157 141 118 100 75 48 32 4
Ordenamiento para atunes tropicales-Management for tropical tunas • Management measures to restrict YFT catches were in effect from 1966-1979. • No management measures were in place from 1980-1997. • All management measures prior to 1998 applied only to YFT. • 2001 was the last measure that applied only to YFT. Since 2002, conservation and management measures to control fishing mortality levels in purse-seine fishery have become increasingly restrictive: 31 closure days in 2002 72 closure days in 2017
2018-2020, Closure period for PS vessels- Periodo de veda para Cerqueros All PS vessels classes 4-6 >182 t must stop fishing in the EPO for a period of 72 days, choosing to apply one of the two closure periods specified for each year; • 29 July to 8 October, or • 9 November to 19 January of the following year
Area Vedada- Closed area (2018-2020) Closure of the PS fishery for yellowfin, bigeye, and skipjack tuna Within area bounded by 96º and 110ºW and
Medidas para FADs- Measures for FADs (2018-2020) Each PS vessel is limited the following number of active FADs, by vessel class: Class 6 (1,200 m3 and greater): 450 FADs Class 6 (< 1,200 m3): 300 FADs Class 4-5 (213 - 425 m3): 120 FADs Class 1-3 (< 213 m3): 70 FADs • FADs can only be activated onboard a PS vessel (i.e. remote activation not allowed) • FADs cannot be deployed within 15 days prior to the start of a vessel’s observed closure • When fishing within 15 days prior to the start of a vessel’s observed closure, all Class -6 PS vessels must recover and retain on board a number of FADs equal to the number of FADs sets made
Diseño de FADs no enmallantes- Non- entangling FADs design To reduce entanglements of sharks, sea turtles and other species, the design and deployment of FADs should be based on the following principles. • If a flat raft is used as a FAD surface structure, it should not be covered, or covered only with material that attempts to minimize entanglements. • Any subsurface component of the FAD should be constructed in a manner designed to avoid entangling marine life. • To reduce the amount of synthetic marine debris, the use of natural or biodegradable materials (such as hessian canvas, hemp ropes, etc .) for drifting FADs should be promoted.
Otras medidas para cerqueros-Others measures for PS Limites de mortalidad de delfines-Dolphin mortality limits (DMLs), 2012-2017 Flag 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Colombia 11 11 11 11 11 12 Ecuador 1 5 1 5 10 10 Guatemala 2 1 1 1 1 1 Mexico 37 38 38 43 44 44 Nicaragua 5 5 5 5 6 6 Panama 9 10 10 9 9 9 El Salvador 2 - - - - - USA - - - - - 1 Venezuela 17 20 17 21 17 17
Medidas adicionales para FADs-Additional measures for FADs IATTC acknowledging Significant effect that FADs may have on BET spawning biomass. The increased exploitation of SKJ in sets made on FADs and unassociated schools. In 2018 • The scientific staff, the SAC and WG on FADs, shall present to the Commission initial recommendations • Additional elements for data collection necessary to evaluate the effects of the use of FADs on the ecosystem • Research results regarding the use of non-entangling and biodegradable material for FAD construction, along with specific recommendations. • Assessment of possible effects of FADs in the tuna fishery in the EPO. • The management of FADs,
Antecedentes del manejo de FADs en el OPO- EPO FADs management background • 1998, limited PS catch of Bet to 45,000 mt and prohibited PS sets on FOBs once that limit was reached • 1999, limited PS catch of Bet to 40,000 mt and prohibited PS sets on FOBs once that limit was reached • 2000 and 2001, a ban on sets on FOB from September-15 to December, with the possibility of earlier closure 2 weeks after reached a limit of 40,000 t this limit of BET (<60 cm) • 2017, limited the combined catches of YFT and BET in the fishery on FOBs to 97,711 t; and 162,182 t for the fishery on dolphins.
Additional data, analysis and management measures needed for FAD fishery combined effort of Members, the fishing industry and IATTC staff inter alia: • Take measures to ensure the long-term sustainability of the tuna and other resources associated with the FAD fishery. • Establish measures to avoid, reduce and minimize the bycatch of juvenille tuna and of non-target species in the FAD fishery. • Develop means of effectively monitor the number of active buoys and reporting of the same in order to be able to verify compliance with established FAD limits. • Collect and provide data that will allow the impacts • •
2018 stock assessments for BET and YFT and recomendations 2018 IATTC RECOMMENDATIONS: Maintain the provisions of the current resolution C-17-02. For PS fishery, limit the annual number of FOB and UNA sets combined by Class-6 vessels in 2019 and 2020 to 14,895 and 14,498, respectively. Once the limit is reached, only DOL sets will be allowed, and all vessels without a DML must return to port.
Number of purse-seine sets, by set type and vessel size class, 2002-2017
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