Greenh nhou ouse se Gases es don‘t respect ect borders Global Cooperation on in situ GHG observations Dr Werner Leo Kutsch, Director General of ICOS ERIC, Helsinki, Finland, Europe
2018 – a year to see Climate Change at work: pictures: dpa/Patrick Pleul National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Fate of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions (2006-2015) 16.4 GtCO 2 /yr 44% 34.1 GtCO 2 /yr 91% Sources = Sinks 31% 11.6 GtCO 2 /yr 9% 26% 3.5 GtCO 2 /yr 9.7 GtCO 2 /yr Source: CDIAC; NOAA-ESRL; Houghton et al 2012; Giglio et al 2013; Le Quéré et al 2016; Global Carbon Budget 2016
The new Paris paradigm | Driving the climate agenda – closing the loop Polic olicy Observation Research Assessment Convention Article 4 Commitments Article 5 RSO • Promote and cooperate in SO of the climate system and exchange of information • Support and strengthen SO • Improve capacity for SO …particularly in developing countries Paris Agreement Article 2 • Mitigation (<2 / 1.5 degrees C) • Adaptation / inc. resilience • Finance flows consistent with path towards low GHG and climate resilient development Courtesy of Joanna Post, UNFCCC
The new Paris paradigm | Driving the climate agenda – closing the loop Polic olicy Observation Research Assessment Convention Article 4 Commitments Article 5 RSO • Promote and cooperate in SO of the climate system and exchange of information • Support and strengthen SO • Improve capacity for SO Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 …particularly in developing countries Paris Agreement Article 2 • Mitigation (<2 / 1.5 degrees C) • Adaptation / inc. resilience • Finance flows consistent with Courtesy of path towards low GHG and climate resilient development Joanna Post, Art Strengthening scientific knowledge on climate, including research, (best available science) UNFCCC 7(c) systemic observation of the climate system and early warning systems
The new Paris paradigm: : From “policy driving policy” to“science driving policy” and “policy driving science” Requests on gaps/ needs and adequacy Assess collective progress on AR6 (storylines) Observation Research Assessment implementation of the SRs: 1.5, OCC, CCL • WMO • WCRP • IPCC Paris Agreement SLCF • GCOS • IAMC Guidelines GHG inventories • CEOS • Future Earth COP/CMA • GEO • UNEP Global stocktake (2023, 2028 …) Gaps, needs Carbon, energy, water cycles SBSTA Research (Research Climate services Assess adequacy of dialogue) • GFCS internationally Co-design with users and stakeholders from the beginning Systematic Reports, advice, recommendations • WCSP agreed warming limit observation • towards global cooperation (Earth information ( Periodic review ) Global/Regional/ National/Sub-national day) • Sectoral towards a very clear societal challenge • towards high societal and economic impact (avoiding loss and COP/CMA Adaptation damage) GCOS S Imp mple lementatio ion Plan Plan (COP Decision 19/CP.22) and Climate indicators, Regional workshops, build capacity in developing countries Mitigation CEOS/ S/CGMS S Wor orkin king Grou oup on n Clim limate response to to GCOS S IP workstreams ECV Inventory ( NDCs, NAPs, WM WMO State of f the he gl glob obal l clim imate, GHG Bulle ulletin in NCs) IG 3 IS Courtesy of Collaboration between WMO/UNFCCC regional centres Joanna Post, NDCs: Nationally Determined Contributions UNFCCC NAPs: National Adaptation Plans NCs: National Communications
Mechan hanisms sms for global bal coop oper eration tion, , exampl ample 1: Ecosy osyste tems
Global bal coop oper erati ation on is is organ ganized zed along ng so socie ietal al challe allenges nges and interna ernationa tional conve nventions tions Cooperation between major global Rs essential variables for ecological observations; coherent standards site registration system open data policies metadata cataloguing and data citation support existing global data efforts (e.g. FLUXNET); capacity-building and human resource management; towards a global ecosystem research infrastructure
A broad schematic of a full value chain in sustained ocean observing programs www.ioccp.org/foo 3 rd ICOS Science Conference Biogeochemistry Panel 11-13 September 2018, Prague, Czech Republic
System A broad schematic of a full value chain in sustained ocean observing programs Societal benefit from actionable information Policy, public and private management and individual decisions System requirements Assessing Applications/products, knowledge challenges, phenomena, EOVs, network design Services Policy-relevant scientific assessments [informing] Early warning, forecasts, short and long term direct advice www.ioccp.org/foo Understanding Scientific analysis, indicators Data Observations systems Coordination Assembly and In situ and satellite observations Predicting / Modeling dissemination Global networks and global approaches Ocean forecast systems 3 rd ICOS Science Conference Biogeochemistry Panel 11-13 September 2018, Prague, Czech Republic
Atmospheric sampling tube GPS system Electronics/detector SOCONET: Seawater system • Surface ocean CO 2 measurements from moving and fixed platforms (With other parameters in concept and pilot phase pH, TA, DIC); • Atmospheric CO 2 from some data originators (discussions with GAW); • Checked sea surface temperature and salinity as well as other BGC parameters (oxygen, nutrients)
In Earth Science international collaboration is not a ‚nice to have ‘, it‘s a questions of Summary 2 ° be or not 2 ° be International cooperation is requested and guided by UN convention related to Grand Challenge. And what does the Higg‘s Boson for it? There are extremely high values at stake. Thank you for Co-design with users and stakeholders from the beginning • towards global cooperation • towards a very clear societal challenge your attention! • towards high societal and economic impact (avoiding loss and damage)
Global policy making and societal challenge definition Harmonisation Harmonisation „GBOS“ Global cooperation, coordination and open data integration EBVs ECVs Branch towards CBD Branch towards UNFCCC Requirement Requirement defintion defintion Integrated long-term, standardized in-situ Research Infrastructures on terrestrial ecosystem research Other Other requirements requirements
A A ba basi sic concep ncept for im impa pact ct assess ssessment ment of of ICOS OS Stakeholders Stakeholders Co-design Users
Innovative approaches in GHG measurements in agriculture Integrated and connected services IPCC Guidelines Observations Models The sphere of science The sphere of reporting Experiments National From Good practice guidelines Inventory to Better practice guidelines The sphere of practice for farmers The sphere of verification Documented Verification Level 3 Observations BP application every 10 ys Documented Verification Level 2 BP application every 10 ys The real sphere of practice Documented Level 1 BP application
In In-situ situ atmosphere mosphere mea easurements surements – Global bal At Atmosphere mosphere Watc tch
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