Green Chemistry: Possibilities for the Next Generation Eric Beckman - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Green Chemistry: Possibilities for the Next Generation Eric Beckman Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Chemical Engineering Dept. University of Pittsburgh The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 1

Green Chemistry: 20 Years and counting.. Presidential Green 1998 Chemistry Awards (1996) The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 2

Green Chemistry: 20 Years on ! • ! A new way to look at chemistry & engineering • ! From cleanup to pollution prevention to hazard reduction • ! Along the way, – ! new ways to look at toxicity, – ! tractable tools for life cycle analysis, – ! New technology, – ! profound changes within the business & investment community. The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 3

New Ways to Look at Toxicity [ from E.J. Calabrese, EMBO Rep. (2004), 5 (special issue), s37-s40 ] A Traditional view, the dose makes the poison, with and Response Con t rol without a threshold Dose value ! B ! carcinogens and radiation assumed to Response Con t rol have no threshold Dose Endocrine disruption, Epigenetics The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 4

New Ways to Look at Toxicity [ from E.J. Calabrese, EMBO Rep. (2004), 5 (special issue), s37-s40 ] A C ( normal f unc t ion ) Response Con t rol Response Newer Con t rol ways to Dose Dose look at B D toxicity; U and J ( dys f unc t ion ) Response Con t rol D curves Response Con t rol Dose Dose Endocrine disruption, Epigenetics The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 5

Life Cycle Analysis Becomes a Viable Tool The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 6

TRACI : Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts • ! Human health criteria pollutants • ! Eco-toxicity • ! Fossil fuel depletion • ! Land use • ! Water use See Jane Bare, et al., J. Industr. Ecol . 2003, 6, 49 The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 7

TRACI : Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts • ! Ozone depletion • ! Human health criteria pollutants • ! Global warming • ! Eco-toxicity • ! Smog formation • ! Fossil fuel depletion • ! Acidification • ! Land use • ! Eutrophication • ! Water use • ! Human health-cancer • ! Human health non-cancer See Jane Bare, et al., J. Industr. Ecol . 2003, 6, 49 The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 8

New Technology: Bio-based materials Ecovative Design; materials from mushrooms Solazyme’s Bio-oils The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 9

The Cleantech Sector Didn’t Really Exist Prior to 2000 9 8 7 6 Investment 5 in USD, 4 billions 3 2 1 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 10

Themes for Today • ! Eco-Innovation via Customer-Centered Design • ! Possible Future Trends (i.e., WAG’s) – ! Completely integrated molecular design for chemical products – ! Resilient chemical generation via distributed synthesis – ! Molecular “services” – ! CO 2 -based chemical systems The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 11

Opportunity, Concept Creation & Design Opportunity Market Conditions + Concept Competitive Landscape Design(s) + (manifestations of Specifications the concept) Customer Discovery; D 1 , D 2 , ! ..D n Desired Customer Outcomes The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 12

Adding “Green” Thinking to the Process Opportunity Market Conditions Health & safety + Concept heuristics, life Competitive cycle thinking Landscape + Concept & Opportunity sound, Customer Discovery; No H&S red flags? Desired Customer Outcomes + Green design rubrics Potential for Greatly Design(s) Improved Health & Safety D 1 , D 2 , ! ..D n Performance Outcomes Specs Designs meet performance and health & safety specs? The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 13

(from Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process , 2010). 80% of costs are committed during Committed the concept phase, Concept while only 5-7% Phase are expended % of costs Expended Time The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 14

Embedded Impacts Take Shape During the Concept Formation Stage It is well known that although only 5–7% of the entire product cost is attributable to early design, the decisions made during this stage lock in 70–80% of the total product cost � 12 � . Correspond- ingly, one can hypothesize the same to be the case for environ- mental impacts. That is, whether or not a product is relatively sustainable is largely determined during the early design stage. Due to high levels of uncertainty regarding design embodiments ( Ramani, et al., 2010, J. Mech. Design 132(8),1-8) The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 15

Why Innovation: Dealing with Trade-offs 5.2.1 PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND - NON RENEWABLE RESSOURCES 9:;<==>?#-/*3&(%05)*0&6#$&*+6*0)8#@-$A#B!"#$%&'(%)*+,-./012C 2+%3/+4$5&*+64$7*3/&0$&8&$+*&*9/:1*$+*;;8.+-*;$< !"#$='(> 789&::;<#=2+5+>+23?+@4#A@?/4?+36#B=AC#D!"#$%&'()*+,-E &'( )*+,-./'.01'20 )*3402'*/.,+20 534+63,/+*748 534+63,/+*748 )*3402'*/.29::9/0 )*3402'*/.29::9/0 53/9*73: 53/9*73: ()* +,-./01)023)42 +,5624),10.-42 756-85.1-,96: +,5624),104;<<;12 751;,95< ()* +,-./01)023)42 +,5624),10.-42 756-85.1-,96: +,5624),104;<<;12 751;,95< %"# !"!!!!'# !"!!!'# !"#$%&'(%)*+,-./012#(+3#4#5/(#)67#807 !"!!!' !"!!!!'! !"#$%&$'($)*+$,$-.)$/&0$1%0 !"#$%&'()*+,-#./0#1#2*.#345#6+5 % !"!!!&# !"!!!!&# !"!!!& $"# !"!!!!&! !"!!!%# !"!!!!%# $ !"!!!% !"!!!!%! !"!!!$# !"# !"!!!!$# !"!!!$ !"!!!!$! ! !"!!!!# ! !"!!!!!# !"!!!!!! Comparative LCA: Ingeo biopolymer, PET, and PP Drinking Cups, PE Americas (2009) The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 16

Innovating Work at the Concept Formation Stage Let Their Wants & Needs Drive Brainstorming The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 17

Customers! • ! They don’t sort products neatly into “bins”; – ! Products and services are solutions – ! Tangible, emotional, social • ! Oftentimes its hard to tell what they want, but they don’t want hazard. • ! True green innovation needs their perspective. • ! Its easy to fall into the trap of becoming what we’ve always made. The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 18

Customer desired outcome is no bacteria on surfaces The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 19

! Desired outcome is no bacteria "!#$%"&'($)*+(!,-!#".'%$,"/!.)-'$)/!! Sharklet Technologies (Aurora, CO) patterned surface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hark skin: Very low surface frictional drag; !/#*=,("A&01&B$1;$,9&1-&"/(&!/#*=,("E&.:*;#%(A& B. Dean & B. Bhushan, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A (2010); 368, 4775-4806 3#4&8& 3#4&J& 3#4&?& 3#4&>8& 8,9'2',9',()("/$9)2#$(:)('0(0) The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 20 !:.+(-.$1-I& H7#%"(*$#,&& !911"/&& !"#$%&'(1)#,9)) 6#+('$/#&)5/#6/&/(:) )"#*+,-# ! !" 7#%"(*$#&#*(&)(#)&$-&!/#*=,("E&& !" F-)(+(-)(-"&"(.".&<(*$;4&& !:.+(-.$1-I& !/#*=,("E&& H7#%"(*$#,&& & !/#*=,("G.&(;;(%"$<(-(..&$-&& & B#%"(*$#,&9#-#2(9(-"& !"#$%&'()*'+",-&-./'0) !"#"$%&'$()**$ +,-./0-1$2,-"$$345(5$ 67,78/&97:$3;5<=(;<>>);$ ! !!!"#$%&'()*"+,-.

Numerous Surface Concepts – Figure 6. Siedenbiedel & Teller, Polymers (2012) The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 21

Concepts can be chemical or “non-chemical” Xenex’s “Violet” robot in an OR at UPMC The Mascaro Center for Sustainable Innovation Slide 22