Geo-informatic Web-based Applications for Olive Oil Mills’ Wastes Disposal Areas Management Angelos Chliaoutakis 1 , Aris Kydonakis 1 , Apostolos Sarris 1 & Nikos Papadopoulos 1 Maria K. Doula 2 & Victor A. Kavvadias 2 1. Laboratory of Geophysical-Satellite Remote 2. Soil Science Institute of Athens, Greek Sensing, Institute for Mediterranean Studies, Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas Sof. Venizelou str 1, 14123 Likovrisi, Greece, (F.O.R.T.H.) email: mdoula@otenet.gr Nik. Foka 130, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece, email: angelos@ims.forth.gr
Motivation The Mediterranean region accounts for no less than 97% of the world's olive oil production due to the favorable climatic conditions. The production procedure of olive oil generates large volumes of OOMW which lead to pollution of soil and water resources and therefore environmental degradation. The OOMW are usually disposed in evaporation ponds which are rarely of proper size and wastewaters often overflow affecting neighboring systems (soil, surface and groundwater) and other professional activities of the residents (agriculture, livestock farming). The above issues are addressed by LIFE+ project "PROSODOL”
Objectives Develop and implement two major geospatial web-based application tools aiming to the effective monitoring of soil quality and management of wastes disposal areas. Interpolation surfaces of the distribution of different chemical parameters which reflect the wastes’ disposal activity in wider areas of interest. Evaluating the location suitability or risk assessment of the OOMW disposal areas by applying multicriteria problem solving techniques on anthropogenic, environmental and geological features in the vicinity of OOMW disposal sites.
Surface Analysis & Interpolation Methods Overview Soil samples were chemically analyzed to indicate the most significant chemical parameters that could most suitable describe soil degradation due to OOMW disposal. Chemical parameters were used to create surface images that represent the possible diffusion of them and the degree of risk in the vicinity of the waste disposal areas. Study the temporal variations of their spatial distribution and the diffusion of them in the subsurface. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Note: In order to have valid interpolated surfaces, the creation of surfaces was allowed only when more than 4 known values (sample points) were available for interpolation. In cases where the measured values were less than 4 no results were produced.
Surface Analysis & Interpolation Methods Design & Implementation
Surface Analysis & Interpolation Methods Web-based application
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Data analysis and scenarios Suitability / Risk assessment modeling Classification of input criteria data into a common preference scale. Each of the criteria in risk assessment analysis may not be equal in importance. One may weigh the important criteria more than the rest. Thirteen criteria were gathered and selected for the area of interest. - anthropocentric (3) - environmental (7) - geological (3)
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Data analysis - Anthropocentric criteria Residential area Depending on the population for each residential place (village or city) distance a population 1000 , if population 0 distance 3000 , if population 0 Road network Two criteria take place in this sub-model, the main and secondary roads of the area of interest Distance (Main) ≤ 200m 200-500m ≥ 500m Distance (Secondary) ≤ 100m 100-300m ≥ 300m Suitability 0 5 10
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Data analysis - Environmental criteria Slope Reclassification depending on slope degree Slope ≤ 7 ° 7-10° 10-15° 15-20° ≥ 20 ° Suitability 10 8 6 3 0 Archaeological sites, Lakes, Rivers, Natura 2000 and Coastline area Distance ≥ 1000m 500-1000m ≤ 500m Suitability 10 5 0 Land Use and Corine area Feature natural grasslands, olive groves, sclerophyllous vineyards, other pastures, moors, bare sparsely vegetation non irrigated rocks vegetated areas arable land areas Suitability 10 8 5 2 0
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Data analysis - Geological criteria Hydrolithology Depending on the hydro-lithological formations Formations practically impermeable karstic formations plaster karstic formations mainly formations of low to very of moderate to low formations of high to moderate alluvial low permeability permeability permeability deposit Suitability 8 7 6 3 2 Geology Depending on the geological formations Formations marls & recent littoral limestone gneiss & flysch deposits with sand Suitability 10 9 8 Faults Distance ≥ 1000m 500-1000m 200-500m ≤ 200m Suitability 10 5 2 0
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Multi-Criteria Problem Solving Approaches Weighted Sum Model (WSM) Simplest multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making method n WSM score A w a , for i 1 , 2 , 3 ,..., m i j ij j 1 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions - theory of measurement through pairwise comparisons - use of a priority scale that represents how much more one element dominates another with respect to a given attribute.
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Scenarios AHP 4 WSM Criteria Anthropocentric Environmental Geological Anthropocentric / Environmental / Geological Scenario 1 100% 0 0 A > E E > G G < A Scenario 2 0 100% 0 A > E E < G G < A Scenario 3 0 0 100% A < E E > G G < A Scenario 4 100% 100% 100% A < E E > G G > A Scenario 5 50% 25% 25% A > E E < G G > A Scenario 6 25% 50% 25% A < E E < G G > A 100% 1 100% 2 100% 3 Scenario 7 A > E E > G G > A 1. Residential area criterion 70%, and 30% for the road network criteria 2. Full importance given to slope, aquifers and coastline, and medium importance on the rest 3. Hydrolithology sub-criterion importance 80% and the rest sub-criteria 20% 4. Scenarios 1-2 are mainly anthropocentric, scenarios 3-4 are mainly environmental, scenarios 5-6 are mainly geological, while scenario 7 is of equal importance
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Scenarios – Result maps AHP WSM Scenario 1 Scenario 3 Scenario 6 Suitability scale Scenario 7
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Web-based application
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Evaluation Results Scenario1 Scenario2 Scenario3 Scenario4 Scenario5 Scenario6 Scenario7 WSM 21% 100% 100% 92% 71% 98% 73% AHP 22% 97% 95% 97% 85% 87% 73% Importance in anthropocentric and further environmental criteria decline in suitability (scenario 5 and 6) Suitability falls up to 21% if only the anthropogenic parameters are taken into account (scenario 1) Anthropogenic factor was not taken into account when the existing OOMW disposal area locations were established.
Risk Assessment of OOMW disposal areas Conclusions & Future work Risk assessment statistical results are only for scenarios presented, while different results may emerge from alternative scenarios Monitoring the distribution of different chemical parameters (in terms of depth and time) that represent the possible diffusion of them and the degree of risk in the vicinity of the waste disposal areas Provide substantial information for the development of OOMW disposal areas and production facilities in a suitable location in respect with various anthropogenic, environmental and geological factors Future web-based application systems shall be featured with dynamic instead of static interaction with users
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