Genomic selection +Sexed semen +Precision farming = New deal - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Genomic selection 
 +Sexed semen 
 +Precision farming 
 
 = New deal for dairy farmers ? Laurent Journaux General secretary of France Génétique Elevage CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

SIA souvenir… CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Introduction � After a long period of stability � Many changes in dairy production including 3 majors innovations � Genomic Selection � Sexed semen � Precision dairy farming � What are the impacts of this technologies ? � How their combinations can change dairy farming ? CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Dairy cattle in France Normande 430,000 cows 56% r ecorded Milk: 6,176 kg Montbéliarde 670,000 cows, 61% recorded Milk: 6,158 kg Holstein 2,500,000 cows, 68% recorded 10 local breeds Milk: 9,125 kg 150,000 cows 72,000 dairy farmers, 3,686,000 dairy cows CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Trend in France � Increasing of herd size, Herd size (dairy cattle in performance recording) � Divide by 2 of pick up points for the same volume (28 Ml) � 50 000 pick up points 1990 to 25 000 in 2020… CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Genomic selection CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

What is genomic selection? Effect of each marker to estimate Candidates Young animal with +2 only genotypes -3 +2 +3 Reference population +5 +1 Bulls with +4 -2 Genotypes + Phenotypes (average daughter GEBV = performances) ∑ marker effects + polygenic effect Calibrate prediction equations CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Steps toward Genomic Selection in France Genomic selection Marker Assisted Selection 35 traits, (MAS 2) 300-400 QTL/traits 25 traits, 30-40 QTL /traits From 2010 (males) Marker Assisted Selection (MAS R ² : 2008 -2010 1) +0.30,0.40 8 traits, 5 QTL /traits R ² :+0.20, 2001 -2007 From 2011 (females) 0.30 1996 -1999 R ² :+0.05 Fine Mapping R ² : ++0.10 Pre-selection tool: full brothers + affordable chip selection before QTL detection testing CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Breeding programs in dairy cattle without Genomic Selection PROGENY TESTING PROGRAM: ➢ A costly process: maintaining 10 bulls to ➢ A long process: > 5 years X Mated to 400 cows 100-150 daughters get proofs only use 1 for AI ⇒ USE FOR AI birth 2 years 5 years Age of the bull SELECTION Estimation of breeding values CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

➢ Breeding values Genomic Selection: a revolution available for all traits routinely evaluated ➢ For males and females, with the same accuracy ➢ A shortened generation interval ➢ A better accuracy at the X time of pre-selection (compared with Parent Average) birth 2 years ⇒ USE FOR AI 5 years ⇒ An increased genetic Age of the bull 3 months: gain! Estimation of breeding values, from genomics CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

European reference population From 2009, European breeding partners (breeding associations, computing centers, breeding companies) have decided to join their forces to share: - data (reference population, 54k, bulls) - and know-how (tight collaboration with research centers and universities) CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

A specific organization for research and operation • Research Co-funding – INRA ALLICE – INRA ALLICE APIS-GENE (GIS AGENAE) • Transfert and roll-out • Operation – UMT 3G – SAS • Capital by Breeding companies 
 who invested in the research – Valogène – Exclusive licence of operation for 5 years

Large return on investment � Inovative points � Share cost of genetic evaluation with farmer organization (250 k € /year) � Royalties for intellectual property linked to research (350 à 400 k € /year) � to invest on the next steps � Reduction of expenses for French farmers Royalty paid in APIS-GENE � International cooperation 4ème génération � buying Chips cumul : 1 208 K € � New tools (EuroG10k) � VALOGENE has a commercial activity

New chains, new calendars GEBV Sex control Mutation tests Parentage test Potential parents proposal Each week 6 times a year CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

The quick success of Young bulls in France 2010 2013 19% 42% 58% 81% 1st AI with young bulls 26% 1st AI PT bulls 37% 63% 74% 26% 0.66 74% From S. Moureaux, Institut de l’élevage CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Impact on cows Number of females genotyped for herd management… Genotyping for farmers ● Interest of the female 55,000 genotying: 49,985 ⇒ Herd management, 41,250 ⇒ heifers sells, ⇒ mating, 34,662 ⇒ … 27,500 Increasing selection intensity 26,329 Accuracy of GEBV More genetic progress 13,750 2,166 00 2011 2012 2013 2014 CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

More genetic progress… Holstein CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

In the vanguard 
 for the others ruminants 2015 2015 2015 2016

Sexed semen CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

The technology � Use of the difference of content of DNA between X an Y chromosome � A sort of semen � Low yield � Good accuracy CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Sexed semen - Purity of semen : 90 % - Fertility : -10 to 20% - Price : +30 € /AI Jérôme CHABANNE CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Use of sexed semen Total AI with sexed semen % 1st AI with sexed semen per breed in 2013 CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Use of sexed semen 67% of sexed semen is 60% of sexed semen is 99% of sexed semen is used on heifers used for 1st AI female sexed CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Precision dairy farming CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

An environment conducive to the development of Precision Dairy Farming � Evolution of farms structure � ↗ herd size and work productivity � ↗ monitoring needs � Change in the economic context � Prices volatility and end of quotas � need to improve efficiency � New societal demands � Consumers : welfare, environment, products quality � Farmers : workload, constraints, income � ICT tools availability CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Definition � “ Management of livestock farming by continuous automated real-time monitoring/controlling of production/ reproduction, health and welfare of livestock and environmental impact.” Berckmans, 2012 CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

What is Precision Dairy (Livestock) Farming? RFID Automated action Biological parameters Data transfer (milking, feeding,…) (production, behaviour,…) Decision/Action Sensors Animal Data storage and interpretation Observations Feedback Alerts and advice Consultation Automatisms Feedback Farmer Information display Control CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

The rise of sensors and automatisms in Dairy Farming Abdmominal ¡contractions ¡– ¡Calving ¡detection ¡ Electronic ¡Id ¡– ¡Herd ¡management ¡ Tail ¡position ¡– ¡Calving ¡detection ¡ (pressure ¡sensor) (RFID ¡tag) (accelerometer, ¡gyrometer) Feed ¡quantity ¡– ¡feeding ¡ Vaginal ¡t° ¡-­‑ ¡Calving ¡detection ¡ (scale) (thermometer) Milk ¡quantity ¡and ¡composition ¡– ¡ Health, ¡feeding,… (Milk ¡meter, ¡optical ¡sensor) Feeding ¡behaviour ¡-­‑ ¡Health ¡ (microphone, ¡accelerometer) Hormone ¡and ¡enzyme ¡analysis ¡– ¡ Reproduction, ¡health ¡ Rumen ¡t° ¡and ¡pH ¡– ¡Health ¡ (in ¡line ¡chemical ¡analysis) (Thermo ¡and ¡pH ¡meter) Gait ¡– ¡Lameness ¡detection ¡ Animal ¡physical ¡activity ¡– ¡Heat ¡detection ¡ Live ¡weight ¡– ¡Health ¡and ¡feeding ¡ (pressure ¡sensor) (pedometer, ¡accelerometer) (scale) And it is only the beginning ! CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

Capabilities of smart, 
 connected products Source, Porter 2014 CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

From smart product… Source, Porter 2014 CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

… to system of systems Source, Porter 2014 CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France

To help the farmer to take the right decision… RFID Automated action Biological parameters Data transfer (milking, feeding,…) (production, behaviour,…) Decision/Action Sensors Animal Data storage and interpretation Observations Feedback Alerts and advice Consultation Decision help Automatisms Feedback systems Farmer Information display CSC Nuffield, 4th March 2015, Reims, France