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Algorithms for and against the Cloud Roger Wattenhofer ETH Zurich Distributed Computing Group Disclaimer SenSys OSDI HotNets AAAI PODC Mobicom STOC FOCS SIGCOMM ICALP SPAA SODA EC Algorithms for the Cloud Algorithms for the

  1. Algorithms for and against the Cloud Roger Wattenhofer ETH Zurich – Distributed Computing Group

  2. Disclaimer SenSys OSDI HotNets AAAI PODC Mobicom STOC FOCS SIGCOMM ICALP SPAA SODA EC

  3. Algorithms for the Cloud

  4. Algorithms for the Cloud Infrast frastru ructure cture

  5. Algorithms for the Cloud just perfe fect ct

  6. Algorithms for the Cloud Infrast frastru ructure cture

  12. Find balanced separator of minimum size 𝐿 .

  13. Find balanced separator of minimum size 𝐿 .

  14. Find balanced separator of minimum size 𝐿 .

  15. Find balanced separator of minimum size 𝐿 . Our result: almost linear time algorithm for small 𝐿 . [Brandt, W., 2017]

  16. Find balanced separator of minimum size 𝐿 . Our result: almost linear time algorithm for small 𝐿 . …in a boring way [Brandt, W., 2017]

  17. Algorithms for the Cloud just perfe fect ct

  18. GPS for the Cloud

  19. Just record 1ms of raw data

  20. Coarse Time Navigation Exhaustive Search in Area

  21. Also Robust to GPS Spoofing

  22. Algorithms for the Cloud just perfe fect ct

  23. $100B Revenue ΒΎ Online

  24. Online Two Player Games Match Players Fast Waiting is Boooooring Match Players Well Similar Rating, Location, etc.

  25. Min-Cost Perfect Matching With Delays (MPMD)

  26. MPMD Example rating (space) time

  27. MPMD Example rating (space) time

  28. MPMD Example rating (space) time

  29. MPMD Example rating (space) time

  30. MPMD Example rating (space) space cost time cost time

  31. MPMD Example rating (space) space cost time cost time

  32. MPMD Example rating (space) space cost time cost time

  33. MPMD Example rating (space) space cost time cost time

  34. Haste Makes Waste!

  35. MPMD Example rating (space) space cost time cost time

  36. MPMD Example rating (space) time

  37. MPMD Example rating (space) time

  38. MPMD Example rating (space) algorithm cost optimal cost time

  40. [Wang et al., 2018] …

  41. The 𝑃(log π‘œ) Algorithm

  42. Approximate Metric by Tree Height = 𝑃(logπ‘œ) E[ Distortion] = 𝑃(logπ‘œ) π‘₯ Leaves = Nodes in Metric Space [Fakcharoenphol, Rao, Talwar 2004], [Bansal, Buchbinder, Gupta, Naor 2015]

  43. Algorithm

  44. Algorithm

  45. Algorithm = π‘₯

  46. Algorithm

  47. Algorithm

  48. Algorithm

  49. Algorithm

  50. Algorithm

  51. Algorithm

  52. Algorithm

  53. Proof

  54. Proof

  55. Proof

  56. Proof Total space cost = Οƒ

  57. Proof

  58. Proof

  59. Proof For each pair at least one timer running Total time cost ≀ 2 Οƒ

  60. Total Algorithm Cost = 𝑃(Οƒ )

  61. What about OPT?

  62. Proof

  63. Proof ALG time OPT

  64. Proof ALG time OPT

  65. Proof ALG time OPT

  66. Proof ALG time OPT or ALG time OPT

  67. Proof ALG time OPT or ALG time OPT cost = cost

  68. Done?

  69. Just One Little Thing…

  70. Proof ALG time OPT

  71. Proof ALG time OPT

  72. Proof ALG time OPT

  73. Proof ALG time OPT

  74. Proof ALG time OPT

  75. Proof ALG time OPT

  76. Proof ALG time OPT

  77. Proof ALG time OPT

  78. Proof ALG time OPT

  79. OPT has an easy time…

  80. … but only every other phase!

  81. Total OPT Cost = 𝛻(Οƒ )

  82. Where is the log π‘œ coming from? Height = 𝑃(logπ‘œ) for time E[ Distortion] = 𝑃(log π‘œ) for space

  84. Algorithms against the Cloud

  87. 2008

  88. Blockchain

  90. Blockchain Basics

  91. Transaction

  92. Transaction

  93. Transaction

  94. Transaction

  95. Block

  96. Blockchain

  97. Blockchain is Replicated

  98. Blockchain Distributed Systems & Cryptography (1982) (1976)

  99. Blockchain Distributed Systems & Cryptography Fault-Tolerance & Digital Signatures

  100. Rule of Thumb Blockchains* may disrupt your business if you use signatures. *or blockchain-like tech

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