‘Fire Safety’ passive protection and routes to compliance Tony Bolder Prism Fire Risk Management Ltd www.prismsafety.co.uk
Legislation and Guidance Legislation conflict case study Fire Dynamics Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Use of Regulation 38 Routes to Compliance for buildings >18m Rapidly changing sector
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO) Housing Act 2004/HHSRS Building Regulations Approved Document B (Parts 1 & 2) BS 9991 and BS 9999 BS 5839 1/6 BS 5266 BS 7671 BS 5306 BS 9990 BS 5499 Regulations: Management of HMO 2006 & 2007 / Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm 2015 Gov.UK FRA Guides/ Building Design 100 PAS 79 FRA PAS 7 FMS Industry Guides: GGF/IFSA/LACORS/ CFOA/ASFP/WISH/Risc Auth Associations: IFE/FIA/FPA/IFSM/IFPM/IFSO Internet: FireSafe/SafeLincs etc
Legislation Conflict? Houses in Multiple Occupancy (HMO)/blocks of flats FSO: Common parts of residential buildings Housing Act: internal flats /bedsits etc by virtue of HHSRS section 24 `Fire` FSO enforced by FRS HHSRS enforced by LA EHO (who also use HA 2004 Section 10 for consultation with FRS on Category 1 risks) Therefore under FSO ….FRA only required for communal areas and external fabric…
Legislation Conflict? Source: Building a Safer Future
FSO Part 2 Article 9 The Responsible Person must make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to which relevant persons are exposed
Legislation Conflict? Case Study : HMO East Ham London Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 V Housing Act 2004/HHSRS
Current FSO = 3.5 metres empty space with two doors
Legislation Conflict? Who is responsible for the flat entrance doors? Under Article 5.4 the leaseholder of the flat because: However, responsible person for the `common areas` also has a duty to under Article 5.2:
Legislation Conflict? Article 14 Emergency routes and exits, where 14 2 (b) : Lets also add in: Management of HMO Regulations 2006 where: Manager .....not responsible person
Legislation Conflict? Manager, where regulation 2 (c ) But in relation to East Ham…… Ground floor flat leased by one company First floor flat leased by a separate company Property owned by another company No known `manager` Who has overall control and responsibility?
Legislation Conflict? Building for a Safer Future (Hackitt Review) Recommendation 3.7 (b) “For other multi occ buildings LAs and FRS work more closely to ensure fire safety of whole building is assessed and regulated effectively” Possible future change in FSO and HA?
Heat Transfer
Fire Dynamics
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety ADB/BS9991/9999 based on `Means of Escape`(MoE) principles Requirement to compartment areas by `passive` fire safety measures (non-interaction) Attempts to `box in` identified risks and create safe `protected areas and routes` Key elements of structure and where required, fire doors
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Floors/ceilings/walls Normally either 30 minutes or 60 minutes fire resistance Floor to ceiling (above any suspended ceilings) Intrusions to be `fire-stopped`
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Source: ASFP Document XX
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Service piping/cabling Intumescent collars mastics dependant upon size/material/thickness Competent installers? Fireboarding/Interlocking Competent Builders?
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Pink Fire Foam Cited as `fire rated` to Class B1 for fire `reaction` not resistance Polyurethane based so will shrink in elevated temperatures and may combust to give off toxic fumes Use of intumescent fire mastics BS 476-20 & 22 BS EN 1366-4 for linear gaps BS EN 1366-3 for penetration seals or use of intumescent collars/boxes
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Protected routes Class 0 or 1 finishes to internal coverings All suspended ceilings within protected routes to class 0 or 1 tiles (BS EN 13501-1 s1 d0 A2 rating) Cabling to BS 7671 amendment 3 must be suitably supported to avoid collapse and potential entanglement of persons
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Fire Doors Third party accreditation/notional types Door set/door assembly Ironmongery Passive seals and gaps
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Fire Doors Third party accreditation to BS 476 -22 or EN 1634 BWF `Certifire` scheme BM Trada Q Mark `FD` (`E`) type doors of 30/60/90/120 mins
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Fire Doors Certification to each structural element (leaf/frame) TT FD30 TM FD60(S) Only `approved competent persons` allowed to make changes to certified doors/frames (replace vision panels/insert letterplates)
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Only certain allowances permitted to certified door leaves Non-certified doors are termed `notional` fire doors
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Fire Doors Door set Door assembly FD 30 Timber density softwood/hardwood 450kgs/m³ 15% moisture content 44mm thickness leaf FD 60 Timber density hardwood only 640kgs/m³ 15% moisture content 54mm thickness leaf Frames can have solid or `planted` rebates of 25 to 30mm
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Fire Doors Ironmongery 100mm hinges (min 800°c melting) Stainless steel/brass x 3 c/w intumescent packing BS1935 Grade 7 or above Self closers of either pivot-arm or concealed types BS 1154 power rating 3 or above `Perko` type internal chains not effective as self-closures All ironmongery must not breach core material of door leaf
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety Fire Doors Passive seals & gaps Intumescent only strip (plastic/graphite types) Combination cold smoke seals (brush or wipe) Top and side rails 3mm Bottom threshold 5-8mm (3mm if smoke seal)
When correctly fitted
Use of Regulation 38 Building Regulations 2010 Key is `responsible person` under the FSO
Use of Regulation 38 Article 3 FSO RP is: Not necc `client` under CDM 2015 Potential loss of critical information?
Use of Regulation 38 Oct 2017 National Fire Chiefs Council identified: Hackitt Review final report highlights:
Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m Defined by the materials being either listed, or its ability to meet basic performance criteria when subjected to simple small scale fire tests. MATERIAL PERFORMANCE Uses large scale fire test data from BS 8414-1 & LINEAR BS 8414-2 demonstrating performance of complete BASED ROUTE façade assembly in accordance with BR 135. EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA Requires empirical data, but not exacting system PERFORMANCE test data, to determine application suitability in BASED ROUTE accordance with BR 135. DESKTOP STUDY REPORT Pre-defined minimum specifications for common FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING façade build-ups issued, assessed and approved by ROUTE warranty provider or house builder. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH A sophisticated holistic approach based on scientific principles from an integrated or a ‘Whole Building’ perspective.
Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m Defined by the materials being either listed, or its ability to meet basic performance criteria when subjected to simple small scale fire tests. MATERIAL PERFORMANCE LINEAR BASED ROUTE EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA Basic Performance criteria Simple small scale fire tests FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE A sophisticated holistic approach based on scientific principles from an integrated or a ‘Whole Building’ perspective.
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility` ADB diagram 40 for external surfaces or walls (inc. cladding systems) Source: ADB V2
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility` Class 0 is a building regulations classification, not BS To achieve class 0 need to pass BS 476 parts 6 & 7 BS 476 parts 6 & 7 are `reaction to fire tests` against the face of a sample Any aluminium composite material (ACM) will be against the outer aluminium face only, not include the centre insulating core (PE / FR PuR / mineral wool) Therefore can only be a `surface spread of flame` classification
BCA Technical Guidance Note 18 June 2014
BCA Technical Guidance Note 18 June 2014
BS 476 Part 6 & 7
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility` ADB Vol 2 (England & Wales) `limited combustibility` allowed on buildings > 18 m Table A7 Appendix A Para 13 (a) Is the surface the aluminium face only or does it include the core?
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility` ADB Section 12.7 DCLG report 30 th June 2018
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility` Clear confusion over the classification of ACM material core as `any element of the cladding system` when applying the linear based route across the sector against class `0` rating for surface spread of flame
Supporting view Paul Fuller, Chair of Fire Sector Federation: Fire Ex 2018 Source: SHP Online July 2018
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