Field Experience in Bioremediation Soil and Groundwater - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Field Experience in Bioremediation ｏ ｆ Soil and Groundwater Contaminated with Chlorinated solvents and Hexavalent Chromium in Japan September 23, 2008 ----- EcoCycle Corporation, Japan

EcoCycle Corporation � Established in 1999 � Business: Environmental remediation, Bioinoculants for agriculture, recycling of industrial effluents, EHS consultant � Some of the clients are manufacturers of Car, electronic equipment, electrical apparatus, dry cleaning facilities etc. (Hitachi Group, Mitsubishi group) � Technological partnership with more than 40 engineering companies in Japan, the USA (GZA Geoenvironmental, USA), Taiwan, Korea and growing.

Some Prominent Treatment Technologies today in the market Dig and dispose Soil vapor extraction and air sparging Pump and Treat Chemical oxidation

Comparison of Different Leading Remediation Technologies R e m e d i a t i o n L o w K A c t i v e H i g h V e d o s e G r o u n d C o s t T e c h . T i m e s p a n L i m i t a t i o n s F a c i l i t i e s C o n c e n t r a t i o n Z o n e w a t e r s o i l （ y e n / 1 ㎥） E D C b a s e d 3 ～ 1 2 C o n c e n t r a t i o n s a b o v e ○： ～ 1 5 0 m g / L 5 ～1 5 K ○ ○ ▲ ○ b i o r e m e d . m o n t h s ▲ ： 1 5 0 m g / L ～ 4 0 0 m g / L a n d e x t r e m e p H D i g a n d 4 0 ～ 6 0 K W e e k s × ○ ○ ○ × H i g h c o s t D i s p o s e P u m p a n d （ ※4 ） T e n s o f y e a r s ○ × ○ × ○ V e r y l o n g t i m e T r e a t N o t f o r a c t i v e F e ( 0 ) 3 0 K M o n t h s × ○ ▲ ○ ○ f a c i l i t y / A f f e c t h y d r o g e o l o g y C r 6 m a y r e l e a s e / N o t g o o d F e w m o n t h s - O x i d a n t s 5 ～2 0 K ○ × ▲ ▲ ○ u n d e r h i g h O C / K i l l u s e f u l y e a r s m i c r o o r g a n i s m s W e e k s - H i g h c o s t / N o t f o r a c t i v e H o t s o i l 1 5 ～ 4 0 K × ○ ○ ○ × m o n t h s f a c i l i t y M o n t h s - f e w V e n t i n g 5 ～1 5 K ○ × ○ ○ × N o t f o r g r o u n d w a t e r y e a r s • ○ = G o o d ; × = N o t G o o d ; ▲ = H a s s o m e d r a w b a c k s • T h e P r i c i n g i s i n J a p a n e s e Y e n ( 1 0 0 J P Y = U S $ 1 ) a s i n t h e J a p a n e s e m a r k e t • P r i c i n g v a r y w i t h s i t e h y d r o g e o l o g y , c o n t a m i n a t i o n s i g n a t u r e e t c . • I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o a s s e s s t h e c o s t o f p u m p a n d t r e a t b e c a u s e i t w o u l d t a k e t e n s o f y e a r s t o c l e a n t h e s i t e

Biorem ediation Exploiting ability of m icroorganism s to degrade/ detoxify contam inants Bioaugm entation I ntroducing m icrobes in the contam inated m edia Biostim ulation Stim ulating native m icrobes Aerobic Stim ulating m icrobes that use oxygen for respiration Facultative anaerobic Stim ulating m icrobes that live in presence or absence of oxygen ( EDC-M m ediated Cr( VI ) rem ediation Obligate anaerobic Stim ulating m icrobes that live only w hen oxygen is absent ( EDC m ediated chlorinated solvent rem ediation)

Target contaminants � Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (CAHs): Perchloroethylene (PCE), Trichloroethylene (TCE), Trichloroethane (TCA), Dichloromethane (DCM) which were being used as solvents and de- greasers in the industries like automobile, hardware, electronic equipments etc. � And their daughter products like Dichloroethylene (DCE), Dichloroethane (DCA), Vinyl chloride (VC) � Hexavalent Chromium which has been used in Tanning, electroplating, electrical apparatus etc. � Petroleum hydrocarbons, cyanide etc (Pilot test is a must) � Other heavy metals like Lead, Manganese, Arsenic, Selenium etc. (Pilot test is a must)

E D C E D C E D C - E E D C - E F o r C h l o r i n a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s F o r C h l o r i n a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s E D C - M H A R E D C - M H A R F o r C y a n i d e a n d F o r C y a n i d e a n d F o r H e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m F o r H e x a v a l e n t c h r o m i u m p e t r o l e u m h y d r o c a r b o n s p e t r o l e u m h y d r o c a r b o n s n - s i t u Our i n - s i t u Bioremediation products

n - s i t u EDC based i n - s i t u Bioremediation is for………. Want to clean the site in Want to clean the site in Pumping and treating the water for Pumping and treating the water for moderately short time moderately short time years without much success years without much success Large size of contamination Large size of contamination plume plume Want to save $ Want to save $ Moderately high Moderately high Deep and Deep and concentration concentration widespread widespread contamination contamination Facilities has large Facilities has large Running/active facility Running/active facility machines machines

W h a t i s s p e c i a l w i t h i i n - s i t u E D C b a s e d B i o r e m e d i a t i o n W h a t i s s p e c i a l w i t h n - s i t u E D C b a s e d B i o r e m e d i a t i o n ① S h o r t t i m e : C o m p l e t e r e m e d i a t i o n w i t h i n 3 ～1 2 m o n t h s a s c o m p a r e t o 1 2 - 3 6 m o n t h s f o r m a y e x i s t i n g b i o r e m e d i a t i o n p r o d u c t s ② R e m e d i a t i o n o f h i g h c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n （ o u r e x p e r i e n c e : 7 5 0 m g / ℓ ) a s c o m p a r e t o < 2 0 m g / L f o r m a n y e x i s t i n g b i o r e m e d i a t i o n p r o d u c t s ③ High priority of safety issue: EDC is completely biodegradable into carbon dioxide and water ④ Low cost technology: 1/3 to 1/5 of conventional methods ⑤ Easy to apply on the site

Remediation process Site investigation (Hydrogeology, contamination details etc.) Microcosm experiment (optional) Pilot demonstration Remediation design Full scale injection Site closure

Site Investigation Hydrogeology: • Bore logs, Soil cross sections, Hydraulic conductivity, seepage velocity, groundwater flow direction etc • Contamination data • Source, storage/usage points, pathways like drainage, type of contamination, concentration, phase partition, extent of contamination by depth and area etc.

K = 10 -4 cm/sec K = 10 -5 cm/sec K = 10 -2 cm/sec Soil cross section at a Hexavalent chromium contaminated site

Contamination Pathway UST Sorbed Phase DNAPL Soil Gas Dissolved phase Free Phase DNAPL

Hexavalent Chromium Plume (two dimensional) Ｃ ｕ ｒ ｔ ｓ ｙ ： Ｇ Ｚ Ａ

Ｃ ｕ ｒ ｔ ｓ ｙ ： Ｇ Ｚ Ａ

EDC Injection (Gravity feed) Mixing tank C o n t a m i n a t i o n I n j e c t i o n U n i t M o n i t o r i n g w e l l I n j e c t i o n w e l l

Injection with Direct push technology Wyman-Gordon Sturm Ruger, NH, USA Grafton, Massachusetts, USA GeoProbe 6 6 1 0 -DT track rig � 2 .3 GPM capacity pum p, w ith pressures up to ~ 1 ,0 0 0 PSI Ｃ ｕ ｒ ｔ ｓ ｙ ： Ｇ Ｚ Ａ

Double Packer Injection

Preference for Terminal Electron Acceptors in Nature Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Mn （ Ⅳ） Fe （ Ⅲ） TEA DO Nitrate Sulfate Carbon Dioxide O R P ( m V ） + 8 2 0 + 7 4 0 + 5 2 0 - 5 0 - 2 2 0 - 2 4 0 Facultative anaerobic Aerobic Obligate anaerobic C r ( 6 ) r e d u c t i o n P C E 、 T C E d e g r a d a t i o n D C E / V C d e g r a d a t i o n

Degradation Process P C E T C E D C E V C E t h y l e n e C ｌ C ｌ C ｌ H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C C ｌ C ｌ C ｌ C ｌ C ｌ H C ｌ C ｌ H H 微生物 微生物A A B B A A Ｃ Ｃ A A Ｄ Ｄ A A Ｅ Ｅ 無機塩 C ｌ C ｌ C ｌ C ｌ - - - -