Feeding 1.34 Billion with Nutritional Security Anil Kumar - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feeding 1.34 Billion with Nutritional Security Anil Kumar Srivastava Agricultural Scientist Recruitment Board, New Delhi memberasrb.as@gmail.com; aksrivastava.asrb@gmail.com National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Indian Food and Agriculture: The Real Era of Science, Technology and Innovation • From “ Food deficient ” and “ Food Import ” in 1947 to “ Food Self-sufficiency ” and “ Food Export ” in 1980 • From “ Conventional farming ” to “ Technology led agriculture ” • Ushered in through Green, White, Blue and Yellow Revolutions National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Green, White and Blue Revolutions Between 1951 and 2017-18 � Food grain production 51 to 273.4 mt � Horticultural production 40 to 295.8 mt � Milk production 17 to 163.7 mt (No. 1) � Fish production 0.75 to 10.8 mt � Meat production 7 mt � Egg production 82.9 billion � Poverty and hunger percentages reduced to less than half

Synergies Brought Revolution • Technology � Innovations • Services � Public Policies • Farmers ’ enthusiasm • Political will Indian farmers achieved as much progress in wheat production in four years (1964 – 68), as during the preceding 4000 years Assured and remunerative market was prime mover of farmers ’ National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” enthusiasm February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

2017-18 : India Continued to Feed for the Last 5 Decades 1966: Ship to Mouth From 75 million tonnes to 273.4 million tonnes 2012: Food Bill (Right to food with home grown food grains) National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Indian Agriculture as Today Indian Agriculture as Today � > 17% of the world ’ s human & 12% livestock population � 2.3% of the world ’ s land � 4.2% of the global water � 142 ± 2 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated land � 137% cropping intensity � Land, water, biodiversity will shrink by 30-50% by 2050 � 52% of population earns livelihood from agriculture

Production of Food Grains (Million Ton) 300 273.4 244.78257.44 261 257 198.36 208.6 217.28230.78 234.47 250 218.11 200 150 100 50 0

Productivity of Food Grains (kg/ha) 4409 5000 3854 4500 4000 2732 2641 3500 2474 2396 3000 2101 2001 1971 1952 1917 1874 2500 1622 1622 1617 1364 1198 2000 1500 1000 500 0 National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Changes in Consumption Pattern (% of food expenditure) - Urban 35 31.5 1993-94 2004-05 2011-12 28.9 30 24.9 25 20.3 18.6 20 17.9 15.8 15 14.8 15 6.4 8.2 10 8 7.3 7 6.2 5 0 Food grains Dairy Egg, fish & Fruits & Edible oils products meat vegetables National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Changes in Consumption Pattern (% of food expenditure) - Rural 50 44.8 38.7 40 1993-94 2004-05 31.7 30 18.7 20 15.5 15 14.5 13.8 12.2 8.4 7.8 7.4 7 10 6 5.2 0 Foodgrains Dairy Egg, fish & Fruits & Edible oils products meat vegetables National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Demand in 2030 (Million Ton) 350 311 2010 2030 300 236 250 192 185 200 125 150 112 103 100 65 39 26 50 24 21 15 14 0 Food Edible Oil Sugar Vegetables Fruits Milk Meat, Egg Grains & Fish National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Food Grains Production Over the Years & Projection 450 500 450 400 264.38 259.29 257.13 241.57 234.47 297 218.11 Million Tonnes 350 213.19 196.81 208.6 176.39 174.77 300 129.59 250 108.42 200 82.2 150 50.8 100 50 0 National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Major Challenges for Major Challenges for Indian Food Sector Indian Food Sector • Providing food and nutrition to 1,439 million by 2020 and 1,619 million by 2050 • More than 80 percent of Indian farmers are marginal (up to 1 hectare) and small (1 – 2 hectares) • Nearly 40% of them (about 160 million) are most vulnerable, marginalized and food insecure • The farms are diverse, heterogeneous and unorganized • Almost 60 percent of net cultivated area is rainfed

Farm size in Indian Agriculture 4% [PERCEN TAGE] 9% 70% Marginal Small Medium Large % of total households National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Challenge: Producing More From Less for More 3 2.41 2.5 Arrable land/capita (ha) 1.89 2 1.61 1.4 1.25 1.18 1.5 1 0.5 0.09 ? 0 National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Climate Change: Projected Change in Agricultural Productivity in 2050 0 -1 -5 -4 -4 -4 -10 -10 -15 -17 -20 -25 -25 -30 National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Post Harvest Management : Biggest Challenge � Losses: Dairy – 1%, Food grains – 10%, Horticulture – 30-40 % � Loss is estimated to be more than Rs. 80,000 Crore annually � Loss can be reduced substantially by providing appropriate Post Harvest Technology & Management (Cleaning, Sorting, Grading, Drying, Cooling, Packaging, Storage, Milling, Refining etc ) in value chain

Sector Wise Share of Food Processing Industry in India [VALUE] [VALUE] 42% Organized Sector Unorganized Sector Small Scale Industries

Dairying: The Major Food Enterprise � In 1964-65 rice production was 39.3 MT which increased to 106 MT � In corresponding period, milk production increased from 17 MT to 163.74 MT � Milk group has highest contribution to livestock output (70-73%) � In 2016-17, the outcome of milk and milk products was more than sum of outcome of wheat, rice, pulses and all other cereals. National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Contribution of Different Commodities in Agricultural GDP 30.00 25.08 25.00 1999-2000 20.00 16.48 16.15 15.00 10.00 5.35 4.58 4.17 4.10 3.40 2.89 5.00 0.00 National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Contribution of Different Commodities in Agricultural GDP 25.00 20.14 2014-15 18.35 20.00 16.81 15.00 10.00 6.26 5.53 5.15 3.93 5.00 2.97 2.96 0.00 National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

India: The Largest Milk Producing Country 18 18.5 Percentage contribution 16 14 Growth rate in 2016-17 was 12.1 12 9.6% 10 8 6.5 5.4 6 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.1 4 2.1 1.9 2 0 India surpasses USA in 1998 to become the largest milk producer National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Technology and Innovation Led Milk Production in India 163.74 180 128.4134 140 146155.5 160 140 Million Ton Milk 120 100 80.69 80 53.9 60 22 31.6 40 20 17 20 0 National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

World has Hidden Hunger & Malnutrition • In world, 842 million people (about 12% of total population) or about one in eight people are estimated to be suffering from chronic hunger • Since 1990-92, globally the total number of undernourished has fallen by 17%. In developing countries number of hungry people reduced from 994 million in 1990-92 to 791 million in 2012-14 • Globally, micronutrient deficiency is of greatest significance. Of those, vitamin A, Iodine, Iron and Zinc are most important • Globally, more than 2 billion people were reported to be deficient in one or more micronutrients National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad

Will Hunger and Mal-nutrition Continue? • • By 2050 Global population Hunger and Malnutrition will increase from 7.18 billion will persist and affects a (2014) to 9.6 billion and to significant proportion of feed them food production global population has to be increased by 70% • Food production has doubled during the last 25 years National Conference on “ Agriculture and Technology Innovation for Nutritional Security ” February 9-10, 2018 at AFSTI, Allahabad