BESST CONFERENCE-TELFORD February 23 rd 2012 The Waste to Resources Economy….. Technological, Economic and Socio-Political Interactions to 2020 Peter Jones OBE ecolateraljones@btinternet.com
The Global Context- Drivers/Outcomes Biosphere limits Scruton Economics Population mix Resource Resource Pressure pressure Commodity Internality costs prices Producer Product redesign Responsibility Energy inputs and in life Leasing systems use,reclaim & obsolescence Whole life
Scruton Economics “Green Philosophy” The Earth as a“home” to be preserved Trans-generational Non economic progress Values measurement Contracts with the unborn
The Three Musketeers of Policy Implementation TECHNOLOGY ATTITUDE ECONOMICS
Technological Evolution Low carbon embedded and generative Renewable and recoverable Design for recovery & upgrades Tracking, data, measurement and calibration Fewer composites Disruptive R&D in recessions
The Resources Hierarchy Value by Financial and Fossil Carbon Tradeoffs Compost/fertiliser soil fuels Recycling into new Materials 1 tonne bale Pyrolysis to Carbon of waste floc Anaerobic Digestion Gasification/steam turbine Gasification/internal combustion Gasification/hydrog en/fuel cells
The Carbon Competitors Form Long term - Traded Permits - Low value prizes - EU targets - Handicaps - Renewable targets - Staying power - Energy trends - Planning - Import dependency - Plenty of local - High value prizes Consents on rivals runners - Traded Permits - Taxes - Rising logistics costs - Cheap setup - Producer reuse - Better odds - High value prizes - Soils directive elsewhere - Improving technology - Low distribution costs Early Expensive Stayer Good Value Faller Thoroughbred All Rounder Regular Winner
The Zero Waste Game Boomerang 100 High Economics per tonne incineration 80 60 gasifier plasma 40 anaerobic digestion 20 aerobic landfill composting High 0 Lo kgs 0 500 1000 1500 2000 CO 2 impact/Neutrality per tonne Note: Process emissions before net off energy
Inside A MRF
Haase System
AD/MBT DANO Drum Source: Greenfinch
In Vessel Composting Waithlands Capacity for 170,000 tonnes per annum Treatment of kitchen waste/green waste Animal By Products Order compliant using fully enclosed systems Odour/environmental controls
Anaerobic digestion (AD) Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a method of waste treatment that produces a gas with high methane content from organic materials. The methane can be used to produce heat, electricity, or a combination of the two. Estimated at 1 sq ft per tonne Land Requirements processed. Capital Costs £10m - £29m for 60,000 tpa plant Operating Costs £28 per tonne processed Staff Levels Dependent on unit size 13
Gasification Plant – Isle of Wight
Marchwood EFW 165,000 tpa Source: Veolia
Japanese Gasification Technologies Kazusa, Japan, Nippon Steel, Aomori, Japan, Ebara, 2001, 135,000 tpa (ASR) 2002, 60,000 tpa Kawaguchi, Japan, Ebara TIFG, Toyohashi, Japan, Mitsui R21, 2002, 125,000 tpa 2002, 120,000 tpa Source: Juniper
Plasma Furnace Configuration
GASIFICATION REACTOR DETAIL 18
Money Hydrogen Energy Station Distributed Power and Hydrogen End User MCFC Power Heat Hydrogen Filling Stations Purification H 2 H2
Precrushing Unit and Hammer mill for Biomass Feedstock – German Biomass to Synthetic Transport Fuels plant
Investment Profile in Waste Technology System Tonnes Capital £ per capacity process £m annually tonne Windrow composting 40,000 1-2 c50-80 Mechanical 100,000 10 100 separation Anaerobic digestion 50,000 10 200 Small scale 50-60,000 25 500 ADVANCED thermal Large scale EfW 500,000 250 + 500 Medium scale EfW 120,000 60 450 Small scale 60-80,000 50 800 gasifier/syn gas
The Last Technology Standing in Waste? Lowest Carbon Footprint= low tax exposure Highest Gj energetic conversion equivalence Highest sales value per exit Gj. = Highest bidder for feedstock.
Timing the Landfill Transition 2007 Tonnes to Landfill £ Gate (millions) Fee 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
WHERE ARE THE MARKETS? Energy as gas, heat, light ,transport fuel, steam and cooling =£ 120 billion-8% of UK GDP Recycling 30 million tonnes = £ 4 billion- 3% of GDP Composting 4 million tonnes =£100 million – 0.08% of GDP Landfill Mining?????
Overall location maps for each waste technology - Organics
Every day Britain throws away 1.6 M 5,500 5.1 M 1.3 M Bananas Chickens Potatoes Yoghurts 220,000 660,000 1.2 M Loaves of Bread Eggs Sausages 26 Source: WRAP & The Independent
Retail Value - Energy, Compost and Fertiliser in AWM Region Retail Value of Relevant Commodities (£10.00 Billion) Electricity Fertiliser 2,460,782,618 Compost 50,797,172 24% 4,096,606 1% 0% Assumed Retail Values Transport Fuel Heat Domestic Commercial 2,024,218,199 5,537,817,091 55% 20% Electricity (p/kWh) 11.98 6.17 Heat (p/kWh) 3.19 1.99 Fuel (£/litre) 1.18 1.24 Peat Compost (£/m3) 15 Fertiliser (£/tonne) 470 Source: SLR/AWM
The Lights Go Out??? Source: DTI
Meeting the Energy Challenge 200 5000 x 500kW CHP units TWhr +18% fuel economy for all cars 4 x 800 MW nuclear reactors 100 2500 x 500kW biomass CHP 5000 x 2MW wind turbines 200 million X 1m 2 PV panels 1 Severn Barrage 10% transport biofuels 0 2006 2020 Each wedge = 17 TWh
The Regional Route Map Define the energy sink That defines the energy need That defines the technology That defines the „fuel‟ mix That defines the logistics That defines the collection discipline
What are “Good” Fossil Substitution Sinks? Food – freezing,preparation+retail Diversified industrial estates Hospitals Prisons Bus and truck complexes Docks and Airports and Distribution Data centres Energy distribution pipes and wires Confectionery factories Sewage plants Road fuel distribution depots Industrial gases operations
Resource Super Centres CHP 2-25 MwE Logistics depot Recyclate warehouse Enclosed composting Adjacent reprocessing and remanufacture
Costs for Producer Responsibility 50 % retail support Cost as value 20 Glass 10 containers Fridges 5 Paper & Tyres board Brown goods Cars Plastics 250 500 1,000 2,000 8,000 Thousand tonnes output Source: Labour Market Trends & UK National Accounts (The Blue Book)
Structural Shifts in the “waste” Sector New entrants attracted by new exit routes & technologies Balance sheet strengths-weaknesses Shift from disposal to managed exits Added value shift from gate fees to output sales Removal of PFIs- Risk treatment Ripple out to wider “energy” markets
2014-2015 The Perfect Storm Landfill Diversion of organics Carbon Reduction Commitment bites 120 fewer Landfills Ongoing coal and nuclear non replacement - Brownouts Evidential climate chaos ? Green Investment Bank EU Resource Efficiency and IPP Agenda Recession Ends
Why is there an Investment Hiatus in Waste? Innovation Risk comprises those on- ………Feedstock supply ………Site and Land ………Technology ……..Exit markets for output ……..Funding THERE IS NO PLc with a singular approach to these risks and we are ignoring the scale of sewerage sites!
New Alliances in Carbon Efficiency Electrical & Energy Suppliers Heat Users • Technology Skills • Grid Backup • Contracts • Grid Inputs • Locations • Regulatory Risk • Economic Role • Infrastructure Solutions in Communities & • Carbon CSR Agenda ESCOs • Forward Price Uncertainty Technology Waste & Resource Suppliers Logistics • Rising Gate Fees • Process Technology • Conditioning Technology • Supply Chain • Strong Balance Sheets
GOVERNMENT ACTION-the Dream Online Data Management A Simple Renewable Energy Strategy….. Gj Tax on inputs + CO2 Emissions Tax on Power plants Auction Major Sewerage assets as part of OFT Review Landfill Bans Integrated Ministerial approaches. Planning Methodology
Government Actions-the Reality DECC in the lead,DEFRA,DCLG&BISS Arbitrary changes on solar FITs. Old McDonalds Farm & the 27 Historical locational approach Planning Multi Departmental axes. Legal Definitions+Protocols
Environmental KTN
Peter T. Jones O.B.E ecolateraljones@btinternet.com www.ecolateral.org
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