Features(and(prevalence(of(plagiarism(in biomedical(science - PDF document

MIE(2014,(Istanbul Health(and(Clinical(Information(Systems((S40) National(implementations(of(HIT(2;((September(2,(2014,(18–19h30(/(Kasimpasa(2) Features(and(prevalence(of(plagiarism(in biomedical(science Ksenija(Baždarić,(Martina(Mavrinac,(Vanja(Pupovac,(Lidija Bilić:Zulle,(Gordana(Brumini,(Mladen(Petrovečki Department(of(Medical(Informatics,(Rijeka(University(School(of(Medicine Rijeka,(Croatia

Plagiarism • Form&of&dishonesty&(fabrication,&falsification, plagiarism&and&other&forms) & • …‘‘appropriation*of*another*person’s*ideas,*processes,*results or*words*without*giving*appropriate*credit*to*the*source*or author ’’&(NIH,&ORI) & • Does&not&enlarge&human&knowledge&at&all • Brings&undeserved&credits&to&“author” &

Publications • Baždarić)K,)Pupovac)V,)Bilić4Zulle)L,)Petrovečki)M.)Plagiranje)kao)povreda)znanstvene)i)akademske)čestitosti.)Medicina 2009;45(2)108417. • Petrovečki)M.)Uloga)statističkog)recenzenta)u)biomedicinskim)znanstvenim)časopisima.)Biochemia)Medica)2009;19(3):223–30. • Mavrinac)M,)Pupovac)V,)Petrovečki)M.Utjecaj)elektroničke)dostupnosti)biomedicinskih)bibliografskih)baza)podataka)na)plagiranje. CUC)2009.)hVp://mod.carnet.hr/index.php?q=search&query=plagiranje&type=tag • Polašek)O,)Mavrinac)M,)Jović)A,)Džono)Boban)A,)Biočina4Lukenda)D,)Glivetić)T,)Vasilj)I,)Petrovečki)M.)Undergraduate)grade)point average)is)a)poor)predictor)of)scientific)productivity)later)in)career.)Coll)Antropol)2010;34(Suppl)1):145. • Mavrinac)M,)Brumini)G,)Bilić4Zulle)L,)Petrovečki)M.)Construction)and)validation)of)AVitudes)Toward)Plagiarism)Questionnaire. Croat)Med)J)2010;51:1954201 • Pupovac)V,)Bilic4Zulle)L,)Mavrinac)M,)Petrovecki)M.)AVitudes)toward)plagiarism)among)pharmacy)and)medical)biochemistry students)–)cross4sectional)survey)study.)Biochemia)Medica)2010;20(3):307413. • Pupovac)V,)Petrovečki)M.)Summarizing)and)presenting)numerical)data.)Biochemia)Medica)2011;21(2):106410. • Lampret)S,)Pupovac)V,)Petrovečki)M.)Računalni)programi)i)programske)usluge)za)otkrivanje)plagiranja)u)znanosti)i)obrazovanju. Medix)2012;98/99:1234127. • Baždarić)K,)Bilić4Zulle)L,)Brumini)G,)Petrovečki)M.)Prevalence)of)Plagiarism)in)Recent)Submissions)to)the)Croatian)Medical Journal.)Sci)Eng)Ethics.)2012;)18)(2):)22349.)DOI:10.1007/s1194840114934742.)(CC).4 • Baždarić)K.)Plagiarism)detection)4)quality)management)tool)for)all)scientific)journals.)Croat)Med)J.)2012;53(1):143.)(CC) • Baždarić)K.)Copying)with)plagiarism)int)he)Croatian)Medical)Journal.)ORI)newsleVer.)2012;)20)(3):449.)Dostupno)na: hVp://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/june_vol20_no3.pdf • Baždarić,)K.,)Bilić)Zulle,)L.,)&)Petrovečki,)M.(2012).)Origin)of)plagiarized)manuscripts)submiVed)in)the)Croatian)Medical)Journal.)In Journal)Publishing)in)Developing,)Transition)and)Emerging)Countries:)Proceedings)of)the)5th)Belgrade)International)Open)Access Conference)2012.)Retrieved)from)hVp://boac.ceon.rs/index.php/BOAC/12/paper/view/37/18.)doi:10.5937/BIOAC437 • Petrovečki)M,)Bilić4Zulle)L.)Plagiarism)prevalence)among)medical)students;)facts)from)the)study.)Proceedings)of)the)Mastering)the Challenges)in)Higher)Education:)Considering)the)way)students)learn,)cheat)and)enhance)performance;)2012)Feb)749.)Bielefeld (Germany):2012. • Marušić)A,)Petrovečki)M.)Check)all)manuscripts.)In:)Science)publishing:)How)to)stop)plagiarism.)Nature.)2012;481:22. • Baždarić)K.)Patchwork)plagiarism.)European)Science)Editing.)2013;)39)(2):)32433. • Supak4Smolcic)V,)Bilić4Zulle)L.)How)do)we)handle)self4plagiarism)in)submiVed)manuscripts?)Biochem)Med)2013;23(2):15043. • Supak)Smolcic)V,)Bilić4Zulle)L.)Patchwork)plagiarism)4)a)jigsaw)of)stolen)puzzle)pieces.)Biochem)Med)2013;23(1):1648.

# Investigations+of+plagiarism 1. Frequency #$#Use#of#plagiarism#detection software#in#the#Croat#Med#J 2. A*itudes #$#Measurement#of#a<itudes toward#plagiarism#with#a#standardized#tool 3. Features0 –#Systematic#review#of#previous researches

1.#Use#of#plagiarism#detection software#in#the#CMJ • Aim • to'determine'prevalence'of'plagairism'and'develop'a standard'procedure'for'detecting'plagiarism • M&M • all'submi8ed'manuscripts'in'CMJ'(N=754)'were checked'during'2009H2010'with' eTBLAST ,' CrossCheck, and' WCopyfind • Manual9verification:9 according'to'CMJ’s'Guidelines'to authors'and'COPE’s'flowcharts

! Procedure

CrossCheck ! • CrossRef !!and iParadigms • CrossCheck database!–!full.text articles!protected by!subscription

Results • !" #$$%& '() '* +", -(./0))12 3141 56780740912 /7:(-;405)-

Extent&of&plagiarism

Text%similarity%rate%according%to%the section%of%manuscript

Standard'procedure'and'plagiarism report

2.#A%itudes#toward#plagiarism Aims • To(construct(and(validate(a(standardized questionnaire(for(the(measurement(of(the(a7itudes toward(plagiarism • To(measure(a7itudes(toward(plagiarism(of(research fellows(in(biomedicine(and(authors(of(manuscripts submi7ed(in(the( Croatian(Medical(Journal( (CMJ authors) ( ( ( ( # (

Methods A"first"version"of"the"questionnaire"was"constructed with"67"items"on"sample"of"227"students Factor"analysis"with"Oblimin"rotation"was"used"to"find"factor"structure and"test"construct"validity;"reliability"was"calculated"with"Cronbach alpha"( SPSS#14.0,#Statistica#10,#MedCalc#12 ) *SurveyMonkeyTM "(Palo"Alto,"California,"USA); onFline*"version"of"the"ATP"questionnaire"was"send"by"eFmail"3 times"to"all"participants Response"rate"was"31"%"(N=239) 39%"for"scientific"novices"(N=171) 21%"for"authors"(N=68) Median"age"32"(24"–"71);"100"men"and"139"women

Results'('construciton'and'validation • Validated)A+itudes)Toward)Plagiarism)(ATP) questionnaire)with)29)items)on)3)factors: ) • Approval)(α=0.83);)12)items • Disapproval)(α=0.79);)7)items • Perceprion)of)frequency)(α=0.85);)10)items ' ' ) ) )

Results'('measurement'of'a/itudes median (5. – 95. A"itude range interpretation percentil ) toward plagiarism moderate approval 12'('60 26'(14(40) disapproval 7'('35 29' (22 - 35) high moderate perception'of 10'('50 22' (14 - 32) frequency moderate total 29'('145 60'(37(88)

3.#Features#on#plagiarism • Aim • To#collect#and#review#data#on#the#incidence#and characteristics#of#plagiarism#by#searching bibliographic#databases. # • Methods • Meta=analysis #

Meta%analysis+procedure • Search(string • „plagiar*“+OR+„double+publication“+OR+„scientific misconduct“+OR+„research+integrity“+OR+„academic dishonesty“ • Sources • Bibliographic+database • Grey+literature+databases • Scientific+journals • References+lists • Search(up(to(December(2011 • N+=+14,618+relevant+articles+(14,513+after+removal+of duplicates+and+articles+that+do+not+meet+eligibility+criteria)

Inclusion)and)excusion)criteria Inclusion)criteria: • Anonymous)survey)studies)asking)questions)about)scientists)commi9ing plagiarism)(self)reports)))&)witnessing)plagiarism)(non@self)reports) • Studies)with)plagiarism)detection)software)that)checked)for)plagiarism)in Published)papers),)articles)submi9ed)to)a)scientific)journal))and)articles submi9ed)to)a)conference Exclusion)of)studies)that: • Did)not)assess)the)prevalence)of)plagiarism,)assess)the)prevalence)of “academic)misconduct”)or)respondents)are)students • Did)not)separate)data)on)plagiarism)from)data)on)falsification)and fabrication • Did)not)report)results)as)frequencies)(N))or)proportions,)have)no)answers that)represent)respondents)who)never)commi9ed)or)witnessed)plagiarism (e.g.)“none”,)“never”,)“nobody”) )

Data$selection$and$collection • Outcome)measure: a) %$of$respondents$who$commi5ed$plagiarism surveys b) %$of$respondents$who$wi5nessed$plagiarism c) %$of$plagiarised$scientific$articles$out$of$all$assessed articles '(so*ware studies • Characteristics)of)respondents/scientific)articles • Methodological)characteristics)of)studies • Basic)study)characteristics

How$much$researchers$plagiarise? committed plagiarism witnessed plagiarism ! 1.5%%(N=8,%95%CI:%1.1%/2.2%) 31.1%%(N=12,%95%CI:%19.2%/46.2%)