HONEY QUALITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL HONEY MARKET Prof. Norberto GARCIA (U.N.S. – ARGENTINA) ApiArab Expo 2018 1 EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS 2 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
15 MAIN HONEY IMPORT COUNTRIES DURING 2016 166,477 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 81,959 100,000 TONS 80,000 48,445 41,135 35,433 60,000 27,988 26,509 23,869 22,568 16,348 40,000 12,185 9,927 8,487 7,865 7,490 20,000 - 3 U.S. IMPORTS FROM 5 MAIN EASTERN AND 5 MAIN AMERICAN HONEY EXPORT COUNTRIES 70 60 % OF TOTAL U.S. IMPORTS 50 40 30 20 EASTERN AMERICAN 10 - 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 (June) 4 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
EVOLUTION OF CHINESE HONEY EXPORTS BY DESTINATION 80,000 2015 68,942 70,000 2016 NMR REQUIREMENT BY SUPERMARKETS 60,000 50,000 40,496 TONS 38,498 40,000 28,362 30,000 25,612 26,406 23,800 20,983 20,000 10,000 - TO JAPAN TO U.K. TO REST OF EU TO REST WORLD 5 15 MAIN HONEY EXPORT COUNTRIES DURING 2016 128,330 140,000 120,000 81,183 100,000 80,000 TONS 54,442 42,224 60,000 35,793 29,098 26,874 25,325 24,203 20,816 40,000 18,805 17,954 13,731 10,371 9,626 20,000 - 6 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
EVOLUTION OF HONEY EXPORTS OF TWO GROUP OF COUNTRIES 300,000 CHINA+UKRAINE+VIET NAM+INDIA+THAILAND 250,000 ARGENTINA+MEXICO+BRAZIL+CANADA+URUGUAY 200,000 TONS 150,000 100,000 50,000 - 2001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016 7 HONEY QUALITY 8 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
MAIN HONEY QUALTIY PARAMETERS PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION PESTICIDES ANTIBIOTICS AND AROMATICS COLOUR ADULTERATION TETRACYCLINES COUMAPHOS SULFA DRUGS F/G HUMIDITY FLUVALINATE TRIMETROPRIM SACAROSE H.M.F. AMITRAZ NITROFURANES DIASTASE CONDUCTIVITY STREPTOMYCIN GLYPHOSATE INVERTASE TYLOSIN ACIDITY CARBENDAZIM POLLEN MACROLIDES PHENOL P.A.S. CLORDIMEFOR QUINOLONES NAPHTALENE G.M.O. NITROIMIDAZOLE PHENICOLS 9 HONEY ADULTERATION: The main quality threat 10 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
TYPES OF HONEY FRAUD 1. Intentional dilution with cheap syrups (corn, rice, beet, etc.). 2. Extracting immature honey and dehumidifying it by mechanical means. 3. Use of Resin Technology. 4. Masking the geographical and/or botanical origin. 5. Feeding hives during a nectar flow. 11 EVALUATION OF ADULTERATION TESTING WITHOUT NMR TYPE OF FALSE NEGATIVE FALSE POSITIVE ADULTERATION DILUTION WITH ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS - C3 SYRUP IMMATURE HONEY ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS - RESIN TECHNOLOGY ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS - MASKING GEO ORIGIN DOCUMENTAL SYSTEMS + POLLEN - TEST HIVE FEEDING ALL OTHER TARGETED TESTS LC-IRMS 12 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
KNOWING NMR TOOL • NMR is a screening method that analyses 36 substances of honey (Targeted) • Includes Classification Analysis (Non targeted): Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) . 13 EVALUATION OF ADULTERATION BY NMR TYPE OF ADULTERATION FALSE NEGATIVE FALSE POSITIVE DILUTION WITH SYRUP NOT AS SENSITIVE AS BROAD DATABASE NEEDED EA-IRMS OR LC-IRMS IMMATURE HONEY - BROAD DATABASE NEEDED RESIN TECHNOLOGY - - MASKING COUNTRY OF BEST IN CONJUNTION WITH POLLEN BEST WITH POLLEN TEST. ORIGIN TEST 200 SAMPLES IN THE NMR DATABASE NEEDED HIVE FEEDING FEEDING STUDIES NOW PERFORMED. - BEST IN CONJUNTION WITH LC-IRMS AND SM-B 14 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
STRATEGIES TO COMBAT HONEY FRAUD BOTTOM-UP PRESSURE: - Awareness of beekeeping community. - Awareness of consumers. The media. - Awareness of retailers and packers. Improve testing. TOP-DOWN PRESSURE: - Awareness and Collaboration with National Authorities. Honey Standards. Update of official testing. 15 PERSPECTIVES • As long as economically motivated adulteration, customs fraud and the violation of international and national trade laws persist, the wellbeing and stability of world beekeepers remains in jeopardy. • Supermarkets have a corporate social responsibility and a commitment to prevent consumer fraud . They have a responsibility in maintaining honest honey producers that indirectly help to maintain the environment. 16 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
REFERENCES International Trade Centre (ITC) U.N. COMTRADE Statistics. 17 THANK YOU ! 18 لولؤا لحنلا ةيبرتل ةيبرعلا ةيعمجلا رمتؤم 5-6 رياربف 2018 م ضراعملل ينطولا يبظوبأ زكرم - ةدحتملا ةيبرعلا تاراملئا هلود
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