Slide 1 / 78 Slide 2 / 78 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be Evolution used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, Practice Questions participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 78 Slide 4 / 78 1 Explain how the LUCA principle helps to explain 2 What is an adaptation ? the universal nature of the genetic code. Slide 5 / 78 Slide 6 / 78 3 Explain how competition can help drive the 4 Suppose you are studying a population of process of evolution. bacteria in a lab. Some of the bacteria are born with a mutation that provides them resistance to antibiotics. Explain how competition in this population can lead to evolution and make a prediction of how this evolution will occur.
Slide 7 / 78 Slide 8 / 78 5 Pick an animal and provide an example of an 6 Explain why competition exists between adaptation that makes it more fit for its individuals in a population, or between environment. individuals of different species. Slide 9 / 78 Slide 10 / 78 7 Explain the relationship between the genetic code 8 Explain the error in Lamarck’s theory of and the origin of evolutionary adaptations. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. Slide 11 / 78 Slide 12 / 78 9 What is epigenetics? 10 Explain why the Galapagos Islands proved to be an integral part of Darwin’s voyage.
Slide 13 / 78 Slide 14 / 78 11 What distinguishing feature exists between 12 Suppose you are studying big cats around the finches of the Galapagos Islands? What world. How can you use their physical structures environmental factor creates these differences? to study evolutionary relationships? What is the term for this process? Slide 15 / 78 Slide 16 / 78 13 Using Darwinian terminology, explain why a bird 14 Explain why, at one point in our embryonic would possess wings that are too small to allow it development, human beings have gill slits. to fly. Slide 17 / 78 Slide 18 / 78 15 According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, 16 Why is rRNA an especially useful tool when what will happen to the frequency of an allele that analyzing evolutionary relationships between allows an organism to successfully compete for organisms? resources in a population?
Slide 19 / 78 Slide 20 / 78 17 ‘Modern Synthesis’ combines the original work of 18 Explain how epigenetics proves that at least some what two revolutionary scientists? of Lamarck’s theory was accurate. Slide 21 / 78 Slide 22 / 78 19 Pick one of the organisms Darwin studied in the 20 How is comparative anatomy useful in Galapagos and explain how it helped him to determining evolutionary relationships? develop his theory of evolution. Slide 23 / 78 Slide 24 / 78 21 What is the evolutionary term used to describe the 22 Provide an example of a vestigial structure in the similarity between the structure of a bat wing and human body. Explain, evolutionarily, why this a human arm? How is this used to explain structure exists. evolution?
Slide 25 / 78 Slide 26 / 78 23 Explain, in evolutionary terms, why a fish, pig, 24 Scientists during Darwin’s era discovered that the chicken and human are virtually indistinguishable Earth was many millions of years old (not a few during their early developmental stages? What is thousand, as previously though) and that the the study of this process called? Earth is constantly changing. How did this influence the development of Darwin’s theory? Slide 27 / 78 Slide 28 / 78 25 Briefly summarize the theory of natural selection. 26 What role might fossils have played in the development of Darwin’s theory? Slide 29 / 78 Slide 30 / 78 27 Suppose humans share roughly 98% of our DNA 28 What is speciation? with chimpanzees, 92% with mice and 44% with fruit flies. How would you use this information to help determine evolutionary relationships?
Slide 31 / 78 Slide 32 / 78 29 Which traits in an environment would tend to be 30 Would more diversity exist in an environment that favored in stabilizing selection? favors directional selection or disruptive selection? Slide 33 / 78 Slide 34 / 78 31 Suppose two species of plants are physically 32 What is the difference between directional capable of interbreeding and their gametes are selection and stabilizing selection? compatible, yet interbreeding cannot occur. Suggest a hypothesis for how this situation could arise. Slide 35 / 78 Slide 36 / 78 33 Explain how the process of behavioral isolation 34 What is temporal isolation? can lead to speciation.
Slide 37 / 78 Slide 38 / 78 35 Suppose you are working as a caretaker at a zoo 36 Suppose you are studying two populations of that has successfully bred a zebra with a giraffe, foxes that are of the same species, but have but the offspring itself is unable to reproduce. become geographically isolated due to Provide an explanation to zookeepers to deforestation. Over a decade, you suspect that potentially explain this scenario. the two populations may have evolved into separate species. Explain how you could determine whether this is true. Slide 39 / 78 Slide 40 / 78 37 Is a group of sparrows and blue jays living in the 38 Scientists often refer to a population that exhibits same forest an example of a population? Why or a high level of genetic variability as being why not? ‘elastic’ or ‘flexible.’ Explain why these terms are used in this context. Slide 41 / 78 Slide 42 / 78 39 Can the Hardy-Weinberg Equation be used to 40 Identify three things that using the Hardy- analyze multiple populations at one time? Why or Weinberg Equilibrium Equation can be used to why not? determine about a population.
Slide 43 / 78 Slide 44 / 78 41 Suppose you are studying a population in which 42 Referring to the question above, what is the 16% of the individuals are homozygous recessive frequency of heterozygous individuals in the (bb). Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is population? the frequency of the recessive allele in the population? Slide 45 / 78 Slide 46 / 78 43 Suppose you are studying a population of sunfish 44 Referring to question above, what is the in which long dorsal fins (L) are completely frequency of the recessive allele in this dominant over short dorsal fins. You find that the population? population consists of exactly 30% short finned fish. Calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population. Slide 47 / 78 Slide 48 / 78 45 Why is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium model 46 According to the requirements for Hardy- more of a theoretical process than a truly Weinberg Equilibrium, are humans evolving? concrete procedure? Why or why not?
Slide 49 / 78 Slide 50 / 78 47 What is the relationship that exists between 48 For what purpose do scientists utilize the Hardy- genetic variability in a population and ability to Weinberg Equation? respond to environmental changes? Slide 51 / 78 Slide 52 / 78 49 What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equation? 50 Suppose you are studying a population of squirrels in which gray hair is completely dominant over black hair. The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in the population is 41%. What is the frequency of the dominant allele in the population? Slide 53 / 78 Slide 54 / 78 51 Referring to question #50, what is the frequency 52 Suppose a population contains 10% homozygous of heterozygous individuals in the population? recessive individuals. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what is the frequency of the dominant allele in this population?
Slide 55 / 78 Slide 56 / 78 53 Identify three of the factors that need to be met in 54 Utilizing the Hardy-Weinberg equation, how can order for the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium scientists determine whether or not a population Equation to be effectively utilized. is evolving? Slide 57 / 78 Slide 58 / 78 55 What is genetic drift? 56 Explain how genetic drift can reduce, or even eliminate variation from a population. Slide 59 / 78 Slide 60 / 78 57 Can genetic drift eliminate variation from a 58 Suppose you are studying an isolated population population where there was a consistently of elk in Canada that is under intense hunting changing set of environmental conditions? pressure. Provide an explanation from a genetic Explain your answer. standpoint why strict hunting regulations should be enacted for this area. Be sure to use appropriate vocabulary.
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