ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION A PRESENTATION TO - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION A PRESENTATION TO A WORKSHOP ORGANIZED BY MYJ, AT MASINDI KOLPING (PEDP) BY CHRISTINE AINABYONA LABORATORY TECHNICIAN (GEOCHEMISTRY/ ENVIRONMENT) JULY 2015

PRESENTATION OUTLINE o INTRODUCTION POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL o ISSUES o SENSITIVITIES OF THE ALBERTINE GRABEN MEASURES TO ENSURE COEXISTENCE OF O & G AND o CONSERVATION o ILLUSTRATIONS o ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT o CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION � Seismic acquisition maps the subsurface by introduction of artificial sound waves that are reflected /refracted back in a unique pattern varying with the subsurface rock layers � Seismic is acquired to locate the probable location of hydrocarbons so as to locate drillable prospects � Drilling ;the boring of a wellbore with the aim of establishing ; the presence of oil and gas (Exploration drilling),Oil and gas extent and commercial viability (Appraisal drilling ) Field Development & Production(Soil disturbance, Soil erosion, dust, visual intrusion, � waste accumulation, noise, vibrations, air emissions, water abstraction, drilling impacts) � Pipeline Transportation (Land & habitat fragmentation, land take, vegetation clearance, discharges &emissions) � Refining (Dust, Air emissions, Noise,Disturbance,water abstraction, liquid and solid waste accumulation) � Decommissioning(Dust, Air emissions, Noise,Disturbance,water abstraction, liquid and solid waste accumulation) � Environmental aspect is an element of an organisation's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment � Environmental impact is any change to the environment , adverse or beneficial , wholly or partially resulting from an organisation ’ s activities, products or services

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Seismic acquisition is divided into phases; Planning phase Identify objectives of acquisition , Design the 2D /3D seismic program Baseline surveys, Risk assessments and EIA ’ S are done Environmental management plans drawn Permit acquisitions ,Stake holder consultations(communities, lead agency and environment authorities, local administrations etc.) Construction phase A preparation phase which involves camps &road construction , line surveying , vegetation clearing Operation phase A stage of data acquisition and recording, involves seismic equipment at work Energy sources and receivers are at work shot hole drilling, explosive detonation, noise, emissions, oil spillages from generators, vehicle spills, Vegetation clearing for seismic lines Waste accumulation (tapes, wires, etc.) population influx Decommissioning and Restoration phases Demobilising camp, closure of access routes, seismic lines , revegetation of sites

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT ’ D SEISMIC ASPECTS AND IMPACTS � CAMP CONSTRUCTION Erosion of land surfaces/ top soil removal i. Increased chances of IAS from introduced soils , murram & other ii. construction materials Oil spillages from generators and service vehicles iii. Land takes from camp location iv. Surface and ground water effects v. Vegetation clearances vi. Disturbance to native flora & fauna vii. viii. Visual intrusion impacts Population influx from workers ix. Domestic waste discharges x. Loss of habitats xi.

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT ’ D SEISMIC ASPECTS AND IMPACTS LINE ACCESS AND PREPARATION Disturbance of native flora & i. fauna Contamination of soils ii. Vegetation loss iii. Visual intrusion iv. Habitat loss v. Surface disturbances vi. increasing Soil erosion occurrence vii. Waste accumulation viii.

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT ’ D SEISMIC ASPECTS AND IMPACTS CONTN ’ D � Data acquisition comprises; Cable laying (geophones),shot hole drilling and recording. Visual intrusion i. Waste accumulation from tapes & wires ii. used in operations Disturbance to native flora and fauna iii. Airborne and dust emissions iv. Noise impacts v. Decommissioning Involves reinstating the environment, waste collection, revegetation, closing access roads etc Has impacts such as Visual intrusion i. Surface soil erosion ii.

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT ’ D ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DRILLING � Camp construction Land take Soil erosion Surface and ground water i. contamination Visual intrusion ii. Domestic waste accumulation iii. Oil spills fro parking/ service vehicles iv. vegetation clearance v. Surface disturbance vi. Soil contamination vii. � Pad construction Surface disturbance Soil contamination (Invasive alien species i. introduced) Soil erosion ii. Surface and ground water iii. contamination Visual intrusion iv. influx of workers and equpment v.

POLLUTION PHASES & THE RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONT ’ D DRILLING ASPECTS AND IMPACTS CONTN ’ D � Drilling Noise i. Emissions (NOX, CO2, CO, ii. CH4 etc) Discharges (sanitary, kitchen iii. drilling wastes ) Water access & supply iv. Oil spills v. � Well testing flaring, purging and venting lead to: Emissions (GHG, VOC, PM) Physical presence

SENSITIVITIES OF THE AG � Protected areas e.g. National Parks, wildlife reserves � Wetlands � Water bodies � Biodiversity � Cultural and historical sites � Physical environment ( air, soil etc)

IMPACT MITIGATION � DRILLING � SEISMIC Reuse /recycle of drilling by Reuse seismic lines and access roads i. i. products Closure of access roads ii. Use of non toxic drilling fluids (SBM ii. Ramping for noise impacts on wildlife iii. and WBM) Strict regulations on line and road width iv. Use closed loophole instead of mud iii. Collect wastes and package differently pits v. Use of resources eg: water conservatively Place HDPE liners in CCA and in vi. iv. case of mud waste pit Strict regulations on restoration of vii. environment Reduce volumes of drilling waste v. Low impact seismic( cableless geophones Monitor air emissions viii. vi. etc Access multiple wells from one point vii. most especially for development wells

MEASURES TO ENSURE COEXISTENCE OF O & G AND CONSERVATION Environment and Social Impact Assessment studies are undertaken for all projects, this is a legal requirement � Environment Sensitivity Atlas for the areas where petroleum has been discovered in the country was � developed. Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Albertine Graben was developed to ensure that the oil and gas � activities are captured in the Government ’ s(PPP) Environment Monitoring Plan and guidelines have been developed. � Oil spill Contingency Plan and mechanism for hazardous waste management plan is about to be completed. � Drilling waste management (Use of water based drilling fluids, containerising the waste on site and temporal � transfer to gazetted waste consolidation sites ,treated and disposed by private service providers certified by NEMA) Multi-Institutional monitoring team - Government Institutions working together to efficiently manage the � interface between petroleum and the environment. Updating of standards, guidelines and regulations by biodiversity institutions � Land use planning is in progress. The Albertine Graben is a special planning area; Planning of urban areas like � Buseruka, Buliisa and Sebugoro is in progress by Ministry of Lands Journey Management plans developedtoguide the movements in protected areas � 12

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT � Environment and Social Impact Assessment studies are undertaken and Environmental Audits done for ALL projects Limiting the footprint: drilling pads, access roads, camps. � Avoidance of sensitive locations � � Monitoring biodiversity in liaison with the Wildlife Authority � Restoration and decommissioning of sites Jobi-1 Mputa-2 13

ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT SITE RESTORATION AT JOBI-1 MURCHISION FALLS NATIONAL PARK 14

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MONITORING OF OPERATIONS � The monitoring is at three tiers; the executive level, technical/ operational level and field based monitors. NEMA together with other Government institutions such as PEPD, UWA have staff based in the field to monitor the oil exploration activities. Both UWA and NEMA have appointed full time officers to monitor oil exploration activities whereas PEPD monitors are also monitoring technical aspects. � Multi-Institutional monitoring team - Government Institutions working together to efficiently manage the interface between petroleum and the environment. The team is composed of representatives from; � Petroleum Exploration and Production Department � Uganda Wildlife Authority � National Environment Management Authority � Directorate of Water Resources Management � National Forestry Authority � Directorate of Environmental Affairs � Directorate of Physical Planning and Land use � The Department of Fisheries Resources � Districts in the Albertine Graben 15

CONCLUSION � Given the environmental sensitivity of the Albertine Graben; � Co-existence and environmental protection and best practices during oil exploration activities is vital � It is everyone ’ s responsibility to protect the environment � It has successfully been achieved for the exploration phase